Aminophylline Pharmacology

Aminophylline

About Aminophylline
Theophylline Ethylenediamine, Bronchodilator.
Mechanism of Action of Aminophylline
Aminophylline is a complex of Theophylline and Ethylenediamine. Aminophylline is converted to Theophylline in aqueous solution and this Theophylline exerts therapeutic effect by inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzyme and blocking adenosine receptors. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme will dilate the bronchial smooth muscle. Inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase will lead to accumulation of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and increases signal transduction through these pathways. Aminophylline relaxes muscles in lungs and chest to allow more air in, decreases the sensitivity of lungs to allergens and other substances that cause inflammation, and increases the contractions of diaphragm to draw more air into the lungs.
Aminophylline is used to treat the symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema
Theophylline is a competitive antagonist at adenosine receptors and produce bronchodilation in asthma patients.
Pharmacokinets of Aminophylline
Absorption: Aminophylline is absorbed well after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed to extracellular fluid and all tissues except fatty tissues.
Metabolism: It is initially converted to active Theophylline and then to inactive compounds.
Excretion: It is excreted mainly in urine.
Onset of Action for Aminophylline
Oral: 15 - 60 minutes, IV: 15 minutes
Duration of Action for Aminophylline
N/A
Half Life of Aminophylline
N/A
Side Effects of Aminophylline
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhea
4. Abdominal pain
5. Headache
6. Dizziness
7. Insomnia
8. Tremor
9. Anxiety
10. Decreased appetite
11. Weight loss
12. Restlessness
13. Flushing
14. Irritability
15. Nervousness
16. Increased urination
17. Hypotension
Contra-indications of Aminophylline
1. Hypersensitivity to Aminophylline and other Xanthine compounds
2. Epilepsy
3. Infection of the rectum or lower colon (rectal suppositories)
Special Precautions while taking Aminophylline
1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. Heart failure
4. Hypertension
5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)
6. Hyperthyroidism
7. Diabetes mellitus
8. Peptic ulcer
9. Severe hypoxemia
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Aminophylline
1. Bronchospasm,
2. Acute asthma,
3. Respiratory stimulant,
Interactions for Aminophylline
Benzodiazepines: Sedative effects may be antagonized.
Beta agonists: Additive effect.
Halothane: Catecholamine induced arrhythmias may occur.
Tetracyclines: Theophylline adverse reaction may be enhanced.

Typical Dosage for Aminophylline
Adult:
Oral: 100 - 300 mg 6-8 hours daily should be taken after meals.
IV infusion: 5 mg/kg body weight as IV infusion over 20 minutes.
Children:
IV infusion: 5 mg/kg body weight as IV infusion over 20 minutes
Schedule of Aminophylline
H
Storage Requirements for Aminophylline
Store at room temperature. Protect from heat and light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Aminophylline
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Aminophylline
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by inducing emesis and the absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. Arrhythmia can be treated with Lidocaine and seizure with IV benzodiazepines.

Home Delivery for Aminophylline in Your City

Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including aminophylline.

However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for aminophylline and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for aminophylline may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take aminophylline only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for aminophylline before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for aminophylline with the pharmacy.

Aminophylline is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for aminophylline might be better known than aminophylline itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have aminophylline in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for aminophylline.