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- Pharmacology For Candesartan + Hydrochlorothiazide
Candesartan + Hydrochlorothiazide Pharmacology
Candesartan + Hydrochlorothiazide
About Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/AMechanism of Action of Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/APharmacokinets of Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/AOnset of Action for Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/ADuration of Action for Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/AHalf Life of Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/ASide Effects of Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/AContra-indications of Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideIt is a combination of angiotensin II receptor antagonist Candesartan and thiazide diuretic Hydrochlorothiazide.
1.HypertensionInteractions for Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/ATypical Dosage for Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideAdult: 1 tablet to be taken once dailySchedule of Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/AStorage Requirements for Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/AEffects of Overdose of Candesartan + HydrochlorothiazideN/ACandesartan
About CandesartanAngiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, Antihypertensive agents.Mechanism of Action of CandesartanIt is a competitive antagonist of angiotensin-2 at AT-1 receptor. It decreases peripheral resistance and lowers BP in hypertensive individuals. It blocks all actions of angiotensin-2 such as: - 1. Vasoconstriction, 2. Central & Peripheral sympathetic stimulus, 3. Release of aldosterone and adrenaline, 4. Salt and water reabsorption, 5. Central actions like thirst, vasopressin release, and growth promoting actions on heart and blood vessels.Pharmacokinets of CandesartanAbsorption: Rapidly and compleately absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in to the body in a protein bound form, Metabolism: Undergoes minor hepatic metabolism by ortho-deethylation to an inactive metabolite. Excretion: Excreted through faeces and urine.Onset of Action for CandesartanWithin 3 to 4hoursDuration of Action for Candesartan24 hoursHalf Life of Candesartan8 to 12hoursSide Effects of Candesartan1.Dizziness
2.Swelling of lips face tongue
3.Headache
4.Coughing
5.Bronchitis
6.Chest pain
7.Edema
8.Nausea
9.Vomiting
10.Abdominal pain
11.Diarrhoea
12.Pharyngitis
13.Rhinitis
14.Sinusitis
15.Upper respiratory tract infections
16.Weakness
17.Myalgia
18.Fetopathic
19.Precipitate renal failure in renal artery stenosis and in insufficient renal blood flow
20.Rashes
21.Albuminuria
Contra-indications of CandesartanHypersensitivity to the drug.Special Precautions while taking Candesartan1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Heart failure
4.Aortic or mitral valve stenosis
5.Obstructive cardiomyopathy
6.Volume depleted and salt depleted individuals
7.Patient should be cautiously involve in driving or operating heavy machinery during therapy,
8.Avoid alcohol
9.Hyperkalemia
10.Use caution while taking potassium sparing diuretics
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationContraindicatedIndications for CandesartanHypertension.Interactions for CandesartanNo significant drug interactions have been reported when candesartan cilexetil is given with other drugs such as glyburide, nifedipine, digoxin, warfarin, hydrochlorothazide and oral contraceptives in healthy volunteers.Typical Dosage for CandesartanStarts with 16mg once daily. Usual dose range is 8 to32mg/day as once daily or two divided doses.Schedule of CandesartanHStorage Requirements for CandesartanStore at room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C. protects from direct heat and light and store in a tightly closed container.Effects of Missed Dosage of CandesartanTake the missed dose as soon as remember; If it is the time of next dose then skip the missed dose and take the regular doseEffects of Overdose of CandesartanTreatment is supportive and symptomatic. If hypotension occur kept patient in supine position and if required give I.V. infusion of normal saline.Hydrochlorothiazide
About HydrochlorothiazideThiazide derivatibve, Diuretic.Mechanism of Action of HydrochlorothiazideIt is thiazide diuretic which exerts its action by acting at site-3(central dilating segment of early distal tubule). It binds to Na+Cl- symporter and inhibits Na+Cl- symport at the luminal membrane. It has additional carbonic anhydrase inhibitory actions in proximal tubules. It increases natriuresis, kaliuresis and diuresis. It decreases Ca2+ excretion and increases Mg2+excretion. It also has minor carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action. It also causes direct arteriolar vasodilatation and decreases total peripheral resistance. The antihypertensive actions of the drug may be attributable to depletion of sodium and subsequent reduction in plasma volume and a decrease in peripheral resistance. Decrease in peripheral resistance is due to either the loss of sodium from the arteriolar wall or a direct action on the vascular bed. It is an effective drug in edema associated with congestive heart failure.
Vertigo: Diuretics are used in vertigo in assumption that vertigo is due to endolymphatic hydrops. They reduce labyrinthine fluid pressure
Pharmacokinets of HydrochlorothiazideAbsorption: It is absorbed after oral administration.
Metabolism: It is not metabolized in the body.
Excretion: Excreted unchanged in urine.
Onset of Action for Hydrochlorothiazide1 to 3 hoursDuration of Action for Hydrochlorothiazide12 to 16 hoursHalf Life of Hydrochlorothiazide5 to 15 hoursSide Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide1. Dizziness
2. Blurred vision
3. Confusion
4. Tingling fingers
5. Dry mouth
6. Nausea
7. Diarrhoea
8. Constipation
9. Vomiting
10. Weakness
11. Hypokalaemia
12. Hyponatraemia
13. Hyperuricaemia
14. Elevated levels of glucose, calcium and lipids
15. Gastro intestinal disturbances
16. Polyuria
17. Electrolyte imbalance
18. Jaundice
19. Rashes
20. Photosensitivity
21. Fever
22. Itching
23. Myalgia
24. Muscle cramps
25. Arthralgia
26. Blood dyscrasias
27. Ototoxicity
Contra-indications of Hydrochlorothiazide1. Hyper uricaemia
2. Hyper calcaemia
3. Renal impairment
4. Hepatic impairment
5. Anuria
6. Hypersensitivity to the drug
7. Hyper sensitivity to sulfonamides
8. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Special Precautions while taking Hydrochlorothiazide1. Gout
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Renal impairment
4. Hepatic impairment
5. Monitor and correct Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
6. Hyper parathyroidism
7. Cirrhosis
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationMay be usedIndications for Hydrochlorothiazide1. Hypertension
2. Oedema associated with heart failure
3. Oedema due to renal and hepatic diseases
4. Diabetes insipidus
5. Idiopathic hypercalciurea.
6. Vertigo
Interactions for HydrochlorothiazideCholestyramine & Colestipol: decrease absorption of hydrochlorothiazide.
Diazoxide: Additive action - may cause hyperglycemia, hyperuricaemia and hypotension.
Digitalis: Diuretics induced hypokalaemia may precipitate digitalis toxicity.
Lithium: Hydrochlorothiazide potentiates therapeutic and toxic effects by increasing its renal excretion.
Frusemide: Synergy leading to profound diuresis and greater than predicted electrolyte loss.
Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants: Diuretics induced hypokalaemia enhances efficacy.
Sulfonylureas: Efficacy decreased due to hydrochlorothiazide induced glucose intolerance.
Chlorpropamide: Hypokalaemia.
Propantheline: Bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide increased.
Metoclopramide: Bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide decreased.
NSAIDs: Natriuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide decreased.
Typical Dosage for HydrochlorothiazideAdults:
Hypertension: 25mg once daily or in divided doses. Increased to 50mg if required; depending up on the patient`s response.
Children: 1mg/kg single daily dose.
Oedema:
Adults:
Starts with 25 to 50mg. Increased the dose until desired response is obtained.
Maximum dose: 200mg/day
Maintenance dosage: 25 to 100mg daily or on alternate days.
Children: 1mg/kg single daily dose or 1 to 3mg/kg/day in two divided doses
Schedule of HydrochlorothiazideGStorage Requirements for HydrochlorothiazideStore at room temperature in a well closed container and protected from light.Effects of Missed Dosage of HydrochlorothiazideTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Continue the regular schedule.Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of HydrochlorothiazideTreatment is supportive and symptomatic. Remove drug from the body by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Monitor and assist respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal function as indicated. Monitor and support fluid and electrolyte balance.Home Delivery for Candesartan + Hydrochlorothiazide in Your City
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