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- Pharmacology For Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine Pharmacology
Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
About Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/AMechanism of Action of Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/APharmacokinets of Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/AOnset of Action for Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/ADuration of Action for Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/AHalf Life of Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/ASide Effects of Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/AContra-indications of Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/AInteractions for Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/ATypical Dosage for Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/ASchedule of Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/AStorage Requirements for Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/AEffects of Overdose of Sulfamethoxazole + PyrimethamineN/ASulfamethoxazole
About SulfamethoxazoleIntermediate-acting Sulfonamide, Antibiotic.Mechanism of Action of SulfamethoxazoleThis drug is a structural analogs and competitive antagonists of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). They inhibit normal bacterial utilization of PABA for the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, a compound that bacteria must be able to make in order to survive for the synthesis of folic acid, an important metabolite in DNA synthesis.Pharmacokinets of SulfamethoxazoleAbsorption- Rapidly absorbed after oral administration
Distribution- Widely distributed in the body as plasma protein bounded form (70%).
It enters into cerebrospinal fluid, placenta and synovial fluid
Metabolism- Metabolized in the liver to its metabolites by acetylation and glucoronidation
Excretion- Excreted through urine
Onset of Action for SulfamethoxazoleN/ADuration of Action for SulfamethoxazoleN/AHalf Life of SulfamethoxazoleN/ASide Effects of Sulfamethoxazole1. Brownish coloration of urine
2. Skin rashes
3. Hives
4. Itching
5. Localized swelling
6. Reddened eyes
7. Headache
8. Dizziness
9. Ringing in ears
10. Loss of appetite
11. Irritation of mouth and tongue
12. Nausea
13. Abdominal pain
14. Diarrhea.
Contra-indications of Sulfamethoxazole1. Hypersensitivity to the drug or other ingredients it or other sulfonamides
2. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
3. Kidney disease
4. Liver disease
5. Porphyria
6. Anemia or other blood problems
Special Precautions while taking Sulfamethoxazole1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Blood disorders
4.Drink lots of high calorie fluids such as cranberry juice and nectars, up to 2 quarts daily, to make sure you have adequate volume of urine to prevent dehydration.Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with caution
NEONATES- ContraindicatedIndications for Sulfamethoxazole1. Malaria
2. Conjunctivitis
3. Toxoplasmosis
4. Urinary tract infections (UTI).
Interactions for SulfamethoxazoleN/ATypical Dosage for SulfamethoxazoleOral-
Adults-
2 to 4 grams for the first dose, then 1 to 2 grams every eight to twelve hours
Children 2 months of age and older-
50 to 60mg/kg for the first dose, then 25 to 30 mg /kg (every twelve hours)
Schedule of SulfamethoxazoleN/AStorage Requirements for SulfamethoxazoleStore at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F). Protect from light.Effects of Missed Dosage of SulfamethoxazoleTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of SulfamethoxazoleGive symptomatic and supportive treatment. Induce gastric lavage. Treated with blood products if neededPyrimethamine
About PyrimethamineFolic acid antagonist, Pyrimidine derivative, Antiprotozoal, Antimalarial.Mechanism of Action of PyrimethaminePyrimethamine binds to dihydrofolate reductase enzyme and inhibits the reduction of Dihydrofolic acid (DHFA) to Tetra hydrofolic acid (THFA) .This will interfere the synthesis of folic acid in malarial parasite.
Pharmacokinets of PyrimethamineAbsorption: It is well absorbed after oral administration.Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body in plasma protein bound form.Metabolism: It undergoes metabolism in the liver. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine and also through breast milk.Onset of Action for Pyrimethamine30 - 60 minuteDuration of Action for Pyrimethamine8 - 10 hoursHalf Life of Pyrimethamine2 - 6 daysSide Effects of Pyrimethamine1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Anorexia
4.Abdominal cramps
5.Thrombocytopenia
6.Megaloblastic anaemia
7.Glossitis
8.Pruritis
9.Rash
Contra-indications of Pyrimethamine1.Hypersensitivity to Pyrimethamine
2.Megaloblastic anaemia caused by folic acid deficiency
Special Precautions while taking Pyrimethamine1. Hepatic dysfunction
2. Renal impairment
3. Epilepsy
4. Patients with G -6-PD deficiency
5. Asthma
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicated.Old Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicated.Children Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Pyrimethamine1. Malaria (treatment and chemoprophylaxis)
2. Toxoplasmosis
3. Isosporiasis
Interactions for PyrimethamineAntifolic drugs (e.g: Methotrexate, Sulphonamides TMP-SMZ): Do not use these agents while the patient is receiving sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.
Typical Dosage for PyrimethamineAdult: Malaria: 50 mg once daily for 2 days followed by 25 mg once in 7 days for 2 - 3 months along with a Sulphonamide
Chemoprophylaxis: 25 mg once weekly for 2 - 3 months
Schedule of PyrimethamineHStorage Requirements for PyrimethamineThe drug should be stored in cool dark place. Protect away from sun light. Keep out of the reach of childrenEffects of Missed Dosage of PyrimethamineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of PyrimethamineGive supportive measures and treatment. Gastric lavage has to be done followed by administration of cathartic. To control seizure Barbiturates can be given to the patient.Leucovorin is given to reduce the hematological side effect.Home Delivery for Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine in Your City
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However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.
Please be aware that you should take sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine with the pharmacy.
Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine might be better known than sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine.