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Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + Tetracycline Pharmacology
Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + Tetracycline
About Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/AMechanism of Action of Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/APharmacokinets of Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/AOnset of Action for Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/ADuration of Action for Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/AHalf Life of Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/ASide Effects of Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/AContra-indications of Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/AInteractions for Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/ATypical Dosage for Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/ASchedule of Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/AStorage Requirements for Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/AEffects of Overdose of Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + TetracyclineN/ATinidazole
About TinidazoleNitroimidazole antibiotic, Antibacterial, antiprotozoal.Mechanism of Action of TinidazoleTinidazole is nitro imidazole which has broad spectrum cidal activity against Protozoa and some anaerobic bacteria. Its selective toxicity to anaerobic microbes involves 1. Drug enters the cell by diffusion, 2. Nitro group of drug is reduced by redox proteins present only in anaerobic organisms to reactive nitro radical which excerts cytotoxic action by damaging DNA and other critical biomolecules. 3. .DNA helix destabilization &strand breakage has been observed.Pharmacokinets of TinidazoleAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed,
Metabolism: Metabolized in liver by oxidation &glucuronide conjugation, Excretion: Excreted in urine.
Onset of Action for TinidazoleWithin few hoursDuration of Action for Tinidazole16 hoursHalf Life of Tinidazole12 hoursSide Effects of Tinidazole1.Anorexia
2.Bitter taste
3.Nausea
4.Vomiting
5.Diarrhoea
6.Fatigue
7.Dry mouth
8.Abdominal distress
9.Headache
10.Dizziness
11.Vertigo
12.Rash
13.Urticaria
14.Angioedema
15.Peripheral neuropathy & CNS effects,
Contra-indications of Tinidazole1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Blood dyscrasias
3.CNS disorders
Special Precautions while taking Tinidazole1.Hepatic impairment
2.Alcoholic cirrhosis
3.Obstructive liver diseases
4. Use cautiously along with other hepatotoxic drugs & In visual field changes
5. Avoid alcohol use during therapy
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with caution, but contra indicated in first trimesterOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Tinidazole1.Amoebiasis
2.Giardiasis
3.Trichomonas vaginitis
4.Anaerobic bacterial infections
5.Prophylactic agent after colorectal surgery
6.H. pylori infections
Interactions for TinidazoleAlcohol: Disulfiram like reaction.
Ampicillin, Doxycycline and Cotrimoxaole: Synergism with these agents.Typical Dosage for TinidazoleAmoebiasis:
Adults: 2gm once daily for 3 days
Children: 30 to 50mg/kg/day or 600mg 12hourly for 5 to 10 days
Trichomoniasis & Giardiasis:
600mg once daily for a week or 2gm single dose
Anaerobic bacterial infections:
2 gm followed by 500mg 12 hourly for 5 days
Prophylaxis after colorectal surgery:
2gm single dose before surgery
H. pylori infections:
0.5gm 12hourly for 7 to14 days in triple combination
Schedule of TinidazoleHStorage Requirements for TinidazoleStore at room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C. Protect from excess heat and moisture.Effects of Missed Dosage of TinidazoleTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of TinidazoleTreatment is supportive & symptomatic. Drug is removed by induced emesis, gastric lavage, and administration of activated charcoal &use of cathartics. For controlling seizures diazepam & phenytoin may be used Diloxanide Furoate
About Diloxanide FuroateDichloroacetamide derivative, anti-protozoal, Luminal amebicides.Mechanism of Action of Diloxanide FuroateDiloxanide Furoate is a dicloroacetamide derivative which acts as a luminal amoebicide. It exerts its action by directly killing the trophozoites responsible for production of cysts.Pharmacokinets of Diloxanide FuroateAbsorption: Orally well absorbed.
Metabolism: It is metabolized by glucuronide conjugation.
Excretion: Excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Diloxanide FuroateN/ADuration of Action for Diloxanide FuroateN/AHalf Life of Diloxanide FuroateN/ASide Effects of Diloxanide Furoate1. Flatulence
2. Nausea
3. Itching
4. Urticaria rashes
Contra-indications of Diloxanide FuroateN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Diloxanide Furoate1. Hepatic impairmentPregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
Below 2 years : ContraindicatedIndications for Diloxanide Furoate1. Mild intestinal Amoebiasis,
2. Asymptomatic cyst passers of Entamoeba histolitica
Interactions for Diloxanide FuroateNo known interaction.Typical Dosage for Diloxanide FuroateAdults: 0.5gm 8hourly for 5 to 10days.
Children (above 2years): 20mg/kg/day in divided doses up to 10days.
Schedule of Diloxanide FuroateHStorage Requirements for Diloxanide FuroateStore in a cool dry place.Protect from heat and light.Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of Diloxanide FuroateTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of Diloxanide FuroateGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.Tetracycline
About TetracyclineA broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic,Tetracycline Derivative.Mechanism of Action of TetracyclineTetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic which has more specific action against gram positive organisms than gram negative organisms. It exerts its bacteriostatic action by accumulating inside the bacteria through specific transporter protein & inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by attaching to 30 S subunit of bacterial ribosome (which are absent in mammals). It chelates cations like Ca &Mg and inhibits functioning of various enzymes & ribosome. It is used in some areas for the treatment of Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malariaPharmacokinets of TetracyclineAbsorption: Orally well absorbed, Distribution: widely distributed; shows protein- binding, Metabolism: metabolized by liver, Excretion: excreted through urineOnset of Action for Tetracycline3 hoursDuration of Action for Tetracycline12 hoursHalf Life of Tetracycline8 hoursSide Effects of Tetracycline1.Headache, dizziness, intracranial hypertension
2.Aggravates renal & hepatic impairment
3.Nausea
4.Vomiting
5.Epigastric distress
6.Super infection
7.Skin rashes
8.Arrhythmia, Cardiac arrest
9.Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia
10.Elevated liver enzymes
11.Discoloration of teeth & Retardation of bone growth
12.Esophageal ulceration
Contra-indications of TetracyclineHypersensitive individualsSpecial Precautions while taking TetracyclineRenal impairment:
1.Tetracycline aggravates renal impairment & leads to negative nitrogen balance. So avoid use of drug in renal impairment.
Hepatic impairment:
High dose causes hepato toxicity, so dose adjustments is required & avoid
Other precautions:
1.Avoid use together with milk & milk products, Antacids, Cations, Vitamins, Products which contain divalent or trivalent cations
2.Potentiation of action of anticoagulants; so avoid use together
3.Diabetes mellitus, Hyperthyroidism, & Hypertensions
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationMay be usedBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationChildren: Contraindicated
Neonates: Contraindicated
Indications for Tetracycline1. Pneumonia
2. Chlamydia infections
3. Rickettsial infections
4. Cholera
5. Brucellosis
6. Sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis, gonorrhea, Chancroid
7. Urinary tract infections
8. H-pylori infection
9. Acne
10. Lyme disease
11. Malaria
Interactions for TetracyclineAntacids (aluminium, calcium, zinc, magnesium), Iron salts, Bismuth salts: Impair absorption of tetracyclines thus reducing its efficacy.
Anticoagulants: Increase the hypothrombinemic effects of anti-coagulants.
Cimetidine: Decreases GI absorption leading to decreased efficacy of tetracyclines.
Digoxin: Increased serum levels leading to digoxin toxicity.
Methoxyflurane: Nephrotoxic effects of both increased.
Oral contraceptives: Breakthrough bleeding, pregnancy due to decreased efficacy.
Penicillins: Efficacy reduced.
Food: Dairy products decrease efficacy of tetracyclines.
Lab tests: Bacterio-suppressive levels of Demeclocycline persist in both urine and blood for several days after cessation of therapy interfering with culture studies.Typical Dosage for TetracyclineAdults: Oral administration of 500mg tablets 6 hourly or 12 hourly as required.
Children: 15 to 25mg/kg bodyweight. Maximum dose 50mg/kg. Administer 6hourly or 12 hourly as required
Infections of cervix, urethra&rectum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis:2gm daily; orally; in four divided doses for a week.
Gonorrhea: Starts with 1.5gm oral administration & then administer 500mg tablets four times daily for four days
Syphilis: oral administration of 1-2 gm daily in four divided doses for two weeks
Brucellosis: 2gm daily in four divided doses for 28 days (along with streptomycin 1gm for first 21 days)
Ulcer caused by H-pylori infection: 2gm daily in four divided doses for 10 - 14 days.
Lyme disease: 0.25-0.5gm; orally four times daily for 10 days to One month.
Acne: Initial dose-0.5gm to 1gm orally four times daily; maintenance dose 0.12 to 0.5mg daily
Malaria: 1 g daily in 2 - 4 divided doses
Schedule of TetracyclineHStorage Requirements for TetracyclineStore in a cool placeEffects of Missed Dosage of TetracyclineTake the missed dose whenever remember. If it is the time of next dose avoid that dose; because over dosage leads to toxicity.Effects of Overdose of TetracyclineTreatment is supportive & symptomatic. Drug can be removed by gastric lavage Home Delivery for Tinidazole + Diloxanide Furoate + Tetracycline in Your City
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