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- Pharmacology For Metronidazole + Diloxanide Furoate
Metronidazole + Diloxanide Furoate Pharmacology
Metronidazole + Diloxanide Furoate
About Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/AMechanism of Action of Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/APharmacokinets of Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/AOnset of Action for Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/ADuration of Action for Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/AHalf Life of Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/ASide Effects of Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/AContra-indications of Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/AInteractions for Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/ATypical Dosage for Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/ASchedule of Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/AStorage Requirements for Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/AEffects of Overdose of Metronidazole + Diloxanide FuroateN/AMetronidazole
About MetronidazoleA nitroimidazole antibiotic, Anti-infective, Antiprotozoal,amebicide.Mechanism of Action of MetronidazoleMetronidazole is nitro imidazoles which have broad spectrum cidal activity against Protozoa and some anaerobic bacteria. Its selective toxicity to anaerobic microbes involves 1. Drug enters the cell by diffusion, 2. Nitro group of drug is reduced by redox proteins present only in anaerobic organisms to reactive nitro radical which exerts cytotoxic action by damaging DNA and other critical biomolecules. 3. DNA helix destabilization & strand breakage has been observed.Pharmacokinets of MetronidazoleAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed,
Metabolism: Metabolized in liver by oxidation & glucuronide conjugation, Excretion: Excreted in urine.
Onset of Action for Metronidazole1 to 2 daysDuration of Action for Metronidazole8hours.Half Life of Metronidazole8 hours.Side Effects of Metronidazole1.Anorexia.
2.Metallic taste
3.Nausea
4.Vomiting
5.Diarrhoea
6.Headache
7.Looseness of stool.
8.Peripheral neuropathy &CNS effects.
9.Mutagenesis.
10.Radiosensitisation.
11.Transient leucopenia
12.Dry mouth
13.Abdominal distress
14.Dizziness
15.Vertigo
16.Thrombophlebitis at site of injection
17.OtotoxicityContra-indications of Metronidazole1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Blood dyscrasias
3.CNS disorders
Special Precautions while taking Metronidazole1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Alcoholic cirrhosis
4.Use cautiously along with other hepatotoxic drugs & In visual field changes
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with caution
First trimester:contra indicatedOld Age Related InformationMay be used.Breast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with caution
Neonates: Contraindicated
Indications for Metronidazole1.Amoebiasis
2.Giardiasis
3.Trichomonas vaginitis
4.Pseudo membranous enterocolitis
5.Anaerobic bacterial infections after surgery, Brain abscess, & Endocarditis
6.Helicobacter pylori infections
7.Ulcerative gingivitis
Interactions for MetronidazoleWarfarin & other coumarin anticoagulants: Potentiates the anticoagulant effect resulting in increased prothrombin time.
Alcohol: A disulfiram-like reaction. Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headache & flushing.
Disulfiram: Acute psychotic reaction or confusional state.
Phenobarbital & Phenytoin: Increased metabolism of metronidazole resulting in decreased efficacy.
Lithium: Increased lithium levels and toxicity.
Flurouracil: Increased toxicity of flurouracil.
Lab tests: May interfere with chemical analysis for AST,SGOT, ALT, SGPT, LDH, triglycerides and hexokinase glucose. Zero values may occur.Typical Dosage for MetronidazoleAdult
Amoebiasis:400 to 800 mg 8hourly for 5 to 10days depending up on the severity of infection
In severe infections and liver abscess: 1gm as slow I.V. infusion followed by 0.5 gm twice daily till oral therapy is started
Giardiasis:200mg 8hourly for 1week or 2gm/day for 3days or I.V.500mg thrice daily
Trichomonas vaginitis: 400mg 8 hourly for a week or 2gm once daily for a week.
Male partner should be concurrently treated with the drug
Pseudo membranous enterocolitis:800 mg 8hourly
Anaerobic bacterial infections after surgery, Brain abscess, & Endocarditis:400 to 800 mg 8hourly
In severe cases: 15mg/kg I.V. infusion for 1hour followed by 7.5mg/kg 4 times daily till oral therapy is substituted
Helicobacter pylori infections:400mg 8hourly along with amoxicillin/clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor
Ulcerative gingivitis:200 to 800mg 8hourly
Children
Amoebiasis: 30 to 50mg/kg/day for 5to10 days.
Giardiasis:10 to 15mg/kg/day thrice daily
Children (below 12years): 7.5mg/kg I.V.Schedule of MetronidazoleHStorage Requirements for MetronidazoleStore in a well closed container in a cool dark place. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of MetronidazoleTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of MetronidazoleTreatment is supportive & symptomatic. Drug is removed by induced emesis, gastric lavage, and administration of activated charcoal & use of cathartics. For controlling seizures diazepam & phenytoin may be used.Diloxanide Furoate
About Diloxanide FuroateDichloroacetamide derivative, anti-protozoal, Luminal amebicides.Mechanism of Action of Diloxanide FuroateDiloxanide Furoate is a dicloroacetamide derivative which acts as a luminal amoebicide. It exerts its action by directly killing the trophozoites responsible for production of cysts.Pharmacokinets of Diloxanide FuroateAbsorption: Orally well absorbed.
Metabolism: It is metabolized by glucuronide conjugation.
Excretion: Excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Diloxanide FuroateN/ADuration of Action for Diloxanide FuroateN/AHalf Life of Diloxanide FuroateN/ASide Effects of Diloxanide Furoate1. Flatulence
2. Nausea
3. Itching
4. Urticaria rashes
Contra-indications of Diloxanide FuroateN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Diloxanide Furoate1. Hepatic impairmentPregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
Below 2 years : ContraindicatedIndications for Diloxanide Furoate1. Mild intestinal Amoebiasis,
2. Asymptomatic cyst passers of Entamoeba histolitica
Interactions for Diloxanide FuroateNo known interaction.Typical Dosage for Diloxanide FuroateAdults: 0.5gm 8hourly for 5 to 10days.
Children (above 2years): 20mg/kg/day in divided doses up to 10days.
Schedule of Diloxanide FuroateHStorage Requirements for Diloxanide FuroateStore in a cool dry place.Protect from heat and light.Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of Diloxanide FuroateTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of Diloxanide FuroateGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.Home Delivery for Metronidazole + Diloxanide Furoate in Your City
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Metronidazole + Diloxanide Furoate is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for metronidazole + diloxanide furoate might be better known than metronidazole + diloxanide furoate itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have metronidazole + diloxanide furoate in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for metronidazole + diloxanide furoate.