Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6 Pharmacology

Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6

About Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Mechanism of Action of Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Pharmacokinets of Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Onset of Action for Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Duration of Action for Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Half Life of Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Side Effects of Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Contra-indications of Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Special Precautions while taking Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
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Indications for Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
1.Alcoholic neuropathy
2.Diabetic neuropathy
3.Drug induced neuropathy
4.Peripheral neuropathy
5.Trigeminal neuralgia
Interactions for Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Typical Dosage for Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Schedule of Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Storage Requirements for Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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Effects of Overdose of Alphalipoic Acid + Gamma Linolenic Acid + Chromium + Mecobalamin + Vit B6
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About
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Mechanism of Action of
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Pharmacokinets of
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Onset of Action for
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Duration of Action for
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Half Life of
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Side Effects of
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Contra-indications of
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Special Precautions while taking
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for
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Interactions for
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Typical Dosage for
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Schedule of
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Storage Requirements for
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Effects of Missed Dosage of
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Effects of Overdose of
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Gamma linolenic acid

About Gamma linolenic acid
An essential Fatty acid(omega-6 family), A dietary supplement with antiinflammatory.
Mechanism of Action of Gamma linolenic acid
GLA is metabolized to the 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid DGLA, which is cyclooxygenated to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). PGE1 elicits biologic activities by binding to surface receptors on smooth muscle cells, increasing intracellular cAMP.
GLA, via conversion to PGE1, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiproliferative, and lipid-lowering potential. It also enhances smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. In addition, EFAs including GLA are important constituents of membrane phospholipids, including the mitochondrial membrane, where they enhance the integrity and the fluidity of the membrane. Studies have shown that GLA has a role in management of Dry eye, Atopic eczema and cyclical mastalgia (pre-menstrual breast pain).
Pharmacokinets of Gamma linolenic acid
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Onset of Action for Gamma linolenic acid
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Duration of Action for Gamma linolenic acid
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Half Life of Gamma linolenic acid
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Side Effects of Gamma linolenic acid
1.Upset stomach
2.Diarrhea
3.Soft stool
4.Bloating
5.Gas
Contra-indications of Gamma linolenic acid
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Special Precautions while taking Gamma linolenic acid
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Gamma linolenic acid
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Interactions for Gamma linolenic acid
1.Phenothiazines and anticonvulsants due to an increased incidence of seizures.
2.Even though no cases are known of interaction with anticoagulant medications, it may be prudent to closely monitor concomitant usage.
3.Gamma Linolenic acid is shown to reduce tremors from lithium use in manic depressives.
Typical Dosage for Gamma linolenic acid
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Schedule of Gamma linolenic acid
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Storage Requirements for Gamma linolenic acid
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Gamma linolenic acid
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Effects of Overdose of Gamma linolenic acid
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Chromium

About Chromium
Chromium is by far the most pivotal nutrient involved in sugar metabolism. Trivalent chromium is a part of glucose tolerance factor, an essential activator of insulin mediated reactions. Chromium improves insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increases in insulin sensitivity. Thus it helps to maintain normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve function. A number of clinical studies have been conducted which show that chromium is an effective therapy for both Type I and Type II diabetes. Except for supplementation, there is no good way to rebuild the body?s stockpile of chromium.
Deficiency symptoms: Impaired glucose tolerance, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, confusion.
Over dosage symptoms: In normal therapeutic doses side effects have not been reported except occasional insomnia. In the event of over dosage - nausea, vomiting, GI ulcers, renal/hepatic damage, convulsion, coma may occur.

Mechanism of Action of Chromium
Chromium picolinate acts by influencing carbohydrate metabolism. It stimulates Insulin mediated reactions and improves glucose tolerance. Chromium picolinate helps to improve; insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increase in insulin sensitivity. Thus it maintains normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve functions. It improves carbohydrate metabolism, increases energy and helps to control diabetes. It also helps to control weight.
Pharmacokinets of Chromium
Absorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in the body in especially in to liver, kidney, bone, and spleen; normal plasma level is 1 to 5mcg/l. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine.
Onset of Action for Chromium
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Duration of Action for Chromium
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Half Life of Chromium
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Side Effects of Chromium
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Contra-indications of Chromium
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Special Precautions while taking Chromium
1. Prolonged therapy with the drug
2.Hypoglycaemia
3.In patients with Type II diabetes mellitus use of chromium picolinate is only under the direct medical supervision
4.Renal impairment
5.Hepatic impairment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
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Indications for Chromium
1.Type I diabetes mellitus
2.Type II diabetes mellitus
3.Obesity.
Interactions for Chromium
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Typical Dosage for Chromium
Oral: 200 mcg daily; increases up to 1mg daily if required.
Schedule of Chromium
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Storage Requirements for Chromium
Store in a well closed container at a cool dry place.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Chromium
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Chromium
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Mecobalamin

About Mecobalamin
Water soluble, Form of Vitamin B12
Mechanism of Action of Mecobalamin
Mecobalamin is the neurologically active form of vitamin B12 and occurs as a water-soluble vitamin in the body. It is a cofactor in the enzyme methionine synthase, which functions to transfer methyl groups for the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine. In anaemia, it increases erythrocyte production by promoting nucleic acid synthesis in the bone marrow and by promoting maturation and division of erythrocytes.
Pharmacokinets of Mecobalamin
Absorption: Absorbed after oral, sublingual, injection
Excretion: Excretion via urine
Onset of Action for Mecobalamin
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Duration of Action for Mecobalamin
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Half Life of Mecobalamin
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Side Effects of Mecobalamin
1.Oral: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
2.Parenteral: Rash, headache, hot sensation, diaphoresis and pain/induration at IM inj site
Contra-indications of Mecobalamin
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Special Precautions while taking Mecobalamin
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Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
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Indications for Mecobalamin
1.Peripheral neuropathies
2.Megaloblastic anaemia
Interactions for Mecobalamin
1.Decreased GI tract absorption with neomycin, aminosalicylic acid, H2-blockers and colchicines
2.Reduced serum concentrations with oral contraceptives
3.Reduced effects in anaemia with parenteral chloramphenicol
Typical Dosage for Mecobalamin
Peripheral neuropathies
Oral: Adult: 1500 mcg/day in 3 divided doses
Parenteral: 500 mcg daily IM/IV 3 times/wk

Megaloblastic anaemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency
Parenteral: Adult: 500 mcg daily IM/IV 3 times/wk. Maintenance dose: After about 2 mth of therapy, reduce dose to single admin of 500 mcg every 1-3 mth.
Schedule of Mecobalamin
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Storage Requirements for Mecobalamin
Oral: Store at room temperature. Protect from moisture and light.
Parenteral: Store at room temperature. Do not expose to direct light.


Effects of Missed Dosage of Mecobalamin
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Effects of Overdose of Mecobalamin
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Vit B6

About Vit B6
Physiological functions: It is involved as a coenzyme (Pyridoxal phosphate) in metabolism of tryptophan, in several metabolic transformations of amino acids including transamination, decarboxylation & racemization.
Deficiency symptoms: Peripheral neuritis, seizures, stomatitis, glossitis, anaemia, seborrhea like lesions.
Mechanism of Action of Vit B6
Vitamin B6 is a collective term for Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated derivatives such as Pyridoxine phosphate, Pyridoxal phosphate and Pyridoxamine derivatives respectively. Vitamin B6 is essential for the metabolism of amino acid, glycogen and fatty acids, for nerve functions, for the formation of red blood cells and also helps the skin healthy. Vitamin B6 is also used for the synthesis of nucleic acid, Haemoglobin, Sphingomyelin, other Sphingolipids, Serotonin, Dopamine, Noradrenaline and GABA.
Pharmacokinets of Vit B6
Absorption: Vitamin B6 is readily absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is mainly distributed in the body in protein bound form. It is stored primarily in the liver and to a lesser extent muscle and brain.
Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver
Onset of Action for Vit B6
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Duration of Action for Vit B6
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Half Life of Vit B6
15-20 days
Side Effects of Vit B6
1. Neuropathy
2. Unstable gait
3. Drowsiness
4. Perioral numbness
5. Paresthesia
6. Numbness of feet
7. Somnolence
8. Sensory neuropathy
9. Ataxia
Contra-indications of Vit B6
1. Hypersensitivity to Vitamin B6
Special Precautions while taking Vit B6
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Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: Contraindicated
Indications for Vit B6
1. Vitamin B6 deficiency including inadequate diet and drug induced causes
2. Neuropathy
3. Premenstrual syndrome
4. Hyperoxaluria type 1
5. Metabolic disorder
6. Isoniazid poisoning
Interactions for Vit B6
Cycloserine, Hydralazine, Isoniazide, Oral contraceptive, Penicillamine: Increase Pyridoxine requirement.
Levodopa: Pyridoxine reverses the therapeutic effect of Levodopa.
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin: Pyridoxine decreases serum level of these anticonvulsants.
Typical Dosage for Vit B6
Adult: 10 - 20 mg / day
Dietary deficiency: 2.5 -10 mg / day for effective therapeutic response is obtained.
Maintenance dose: 2 - 5 mg / day for several weeks.
Drug induced deficiency: 100 - 200 mg / day for 3 weeks.
Maintenance dose: 25 - 100 mg / day
Neuropathy: 50 - 200 mg /day
Premenstrual syndrome: 40 - 500 mg / day
Hyperoxaluria type 1: 25 - 300 mg / day
Metabolic disorder: 100-500 mg /day.
Isoniazid poisoning: Initial dose: 1 - 4 g as IV administration, then 1 g IM every 30 minute until Pyridoxine dose is equal to the Isoniazid dose has been given.
Schedule of Vit B6
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Storage Requirements for Vit B6
Store it at 15 - 30 degree C. Protect from moisture and heat.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B6
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vit B6
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. The signs of Pyridoxine overdose can be resolved by discontinuation (withdrawal) of Pyridoxine.

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