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- Pharmacology For Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine Pharmacology
Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
About Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/AMechanism of Action of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/APharmacokinets of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/AOnset of Action for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/ADuration of Action for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/AHalf Life of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/ASide Effects of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/AContra-indications of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineCough and coldInteractions for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/ATypical Dosage for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/ASchedule of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/AStorage Requirements for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/AEffects of Overdose of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + LevocetirizineN/AParacetamol
About ParacetamolAcetanilide derivative, Non narcotic Analgesic,Antipyretic.Mechanism of Action of ParacetamolParacetamol has analgesic and antipyretic action.
It is more active on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in brain. Peripherally it is a poor inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis.
Analgesic action: Paracetamol raises the pain threshold and produces analgesic effect.
Antipyretic action: Paracetamol lowers fever by direct action on the thermoregulatory centre in the Hypothalamus and block the effects of endogenous pyrogen.
Pharmacokinets of ParacetamolAbsorption: Paracetamol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed mostly in the body in unbound form.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted in the urine.
Onset of Action for Paracetamol30 - 60 minutesDuration of Action for Paracetamol6 hoursHalf Life of Paracetamol1-4 hoursSide Effects of Paracetamol1. Nausea
2. Abdominal distress
3. Allergic reactions
4. Rash
Contra-indications of Paracetamol1. Hypersensitivity to ParacetamolSpecial Precautions while taking Paracetamol1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. Hypertension
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Paracetamol1. To relieve pain and fever
2. Acute gout
3. Migraine
Interactions for ParacetamolCholestyramine: Reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Charcoal: Activated, administered immediately reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Domperidone and metochlopramide: Enhance absorption of paracetamol.
Alcohol: Chronic excessive ingestion of alcohol potentiates hepatotoxicity of paracetamol.
Zidovudine: Effects zidovudine may be decreased.Typical Dosage for ParacetamolAdult:
500 - 1000 mg in 3 times daily
Maximum dose: 4 g / day
For migraine: 500 mg to be taken at the first sign of migraine attack and repeated 4 - 6 hourly until suppress mild attacks.
Children:
60 mg / kg body weight /day in 4 divided doses.
Schedule of ParacetamolHStorage Requirements for ParacetamolStore at 15-30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of ParacetamolTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of ParacetamolGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. N-acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for Paracetamol poisoning. Dose: 150 mg /kg body weight as IV infusion over 15 minutes followed by same dose over 20 hours.
Maintenance dose: 75 mg / kg orally every 4 - 6 hours for 2 - 3 days. Haemodialysis can be done in emergency conditions.
Phenylephrine
About PhenylephrineAn a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, Decongestant, Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic.Mechanism of Action of PhenylephrineThe drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It causes vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It exerts nasal decongestant action; by vasoconstrictory action on arterioles of nasal mucosa. It prolongs and localizes the action of anaesthetics due to it`s vasoconstrictory action on skin, mucous membrane, and viscera and thus slows the rate of absorption of local anaesthetics.Pharmacokinets of PhenylephrineAbsorption: Variable depending up on the route of administration. Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver and intestine.Onset of Action for PhenylephrineNasal: Rapid
Ophthalmic: Rapid
I.V.: Rapid
I.M.: Within 15 minutes
Duration of Action for PhenylephrineNasal: ? to 4 hours
Ophthalmic: 3 to 7 hours
I.V.: 15 to 20 minutes
I.M.: ? to 2 hours.
Half Life of PhenylephrineN/ASide Effects of Phenylephrine1.Bradycardia
2.Arrhythmias
3.Hypertension
4.Tachycardia
5.Palpitations
6.Premature ventricular contractions
7.Pallor
8.Headache
9.Dizziness
10.Nervousness
11.Brow ache(with ophthalmic form)
12.Burning or stinging in eye
13.Blurred vision
14.Elevated intraocular pressure
15.Nausea
16.Episodes of asthma
17.Tachyphylaxis
18.Anaphylaxis
Contra-indications of Phenylephrine1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hyperthyroidism
3.Ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension (Injected form)
4.Angle closure glaucoma and in those who wear soft contact lenses(ophthalmic form)
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine1.Coronary diseases
2.Advanced arteriosclerosis
3.Bradycardia
4.Partial heart block
5.Myocardial diseases
6.Atherosclerosis
7.Hypertension
8.Nasal and ophthalmic form use cautiously in type-1 diabetes mellitus
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
Below age 6:contraindicatedIndications for Phenylephrine1.Hypotension
2.Paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
3.Maintain blood pressure during spinal and inhalation anaesthesia
4.Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia
5.Shock
6.Mydriasis(without cycloplegia)
7.Nasal congestion.
8.Cataract
Interactions for PhenylephrineMay interact with systemically administered MAOIs.Typical Dosage for PhenylephrineI.M. or S.C.: 2 to 5mg. Then if required; give doses up to 10mg.
Slow I.V. injection: 0.1 to 0.5mg. Then if required; repeat after 15 minutes.
I.V. infusion: Starts with 0.18mg/minute. Then adjust the dosage up to 0.03 to 0.06mg/minute based on patient`s response.
Nasal congestion: Apply 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays of 0.25% to 1% solution instilled in each nostril.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia: 2 to 5mg added to anaesthetic solution.
Schedule of PhenylephrineN/AStorage Requirements for PhenylephrineStore at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.Effects of Missed Dosage of PhenylephrineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of PhenylephrineDiscontinue the drug and give supportive and symptomatic treatment. Closely monitor vital signs. Use atropine sulfate to block reflex Bradycardia. Treat excessive hypertension with phentolamine. Treat cardiac arrhythmia with propranolol. Treat excessive mydriatic effect with levodopa.
Caffeine
About CaffeineXanthine alkaloid, Central stimulant and metabolic stimulant.Mechanism of Action of CaffeineBecause caffeine is both water-soluble and lipid-soluble, it readily crosses the blood?brain barrier .Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced "pounding" of the heart upon caffeine intake.Pharmacokinets of Caffeine1.Absorption:Readily absorbed after oral or parenteral administration, C max is 5 to 25 mcg/mL; T max is 15 to 120 min.
2.Distribution:Widely distributed,Protein binding Low (25 to 36%).
3.Metabolism:Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2
4.Elimination: Renal;In young infants, the elimination of caffeine is much slower than that in adults due to immature hepatic and/or renal function.
Onset of Action for CaffeineN/ADuration of Action for CaffeineN/AHalf Life of Caffeine3 to 7 hours in adults, 65 to 130 hours in neonatesSide Effects of Caffeine1.Insomnia
2.Nervousness or anxiety
3.Irritability
4.Nausea
5.Headache
Contra-indications of Caffeine1.Hyper sensitivity
2.Caffeine and sodium benzoate solution in pediatrics.
Special Precautions while taking Caffeine1.Heart disease
2.Kidney disease
3.Liver disease
4.Stomach problems (e.g., peptic ulcers, necrotizing enterocolitis)
5.Seizures.
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationMay be usedBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationNot recommended uder 12years of ageIndications for Caffeine1.Orthostatic hypotension
2.Short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants
3.Fatigue and drowsiness
4.Analgesia
5.Respiratory depression.
Interactions for Caffeine1.Aspirin, clozapine, theophylline :Plasma levels of these agents may be elevated by caffeine, increasing their pharmacologic effects and adverse reactions.
2.Cimetidine, disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, mexiletine, oral contraceptives :May increase caffeine levels, enhancing the effects.
3.Lithium :Plasma levels may be reduced by caffeine, decreasing the pharmacologic effect.
4.Phenytoin, smoking :May decrease caffeine levels.
Typical Dosage for Caffeine1.Fatigue/Drowsiness :Oral:100 to 200 mg every 3 to 4 h as needed.
2.Apnea of Prematurity
Preterm infants Loading dose: (caffeine citrate) IV 20 mg/kg (1?mL/kg) over 30 min once.
Maintenance dose: (caffeine citrate) IV (over 10?min) or PO 5 mg/kg (0.25 mL/kg) every 24?h.
Schedule of CaffeineN/AStorage Requirements for CaffeineStore caffeine at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of CaffeineN/AEffects of Overdose of Caffeine1.Get immediate medical attention
2.Symptoms of overdose may include agitation; anxiety; confusion; frequent urination; irregular or fast heartbeat; muscle twitching; ringing in the ears; seizures; stomach pain; trouble sleeping.
Levocetirizine
About LevocetirizineA third-generation non-sedative H1 antagonist, Antihistamine.Mechanism of Action of LevocetirizineThis active enantiomer of cetrizine is a potent, nonsedative and selective H1 receptor antagonist. It antagonizes the allergic symptoms produced by histamines like runny nose, cold, cough etc. It also inhibit eotaxin-induced eosinophil TEM through both dermal and lung micro vascular endothelial cells. So inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis and also inflammation caused by it.Pharmacokinets of LevocetirizineAbsorption- Well absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution-Widely distributed in the body.90% bound to the plasma proteins.
Metabolism- Metabolized in the liver to its metabolites.
Excretion- Excreted via urine and feces.
Onset of Action for LevocetirizineN/ADuration of Action for LevocetirizineN/AHalf Life of LevocetirizineIts plasma half life is 6-10hrsSide Effects of Levocetirizine1. Headache
2. Abdominal pain
3. Dry mouth
4. Fatigue
5. Pharyngitis
6. Sleepiness
7. Asthenia
8. Rhinitis causing a blocked or runny nose
9. Migraine
Contra-indications of Levocetirizine1. Allergy to drug or other medicines that contain piperazine derivatives
2. Hereditary galactose intolerance
3. Hereditary Lapp lactase deficiency
4. Inherited glucose-galactose malabsorption
5. Severely decreased kidney function
Special Precautions while taking Levocetirizine1. Decreased kidney function
2. Avoid alcohol or any work which require mental alertness like driving and machine operation during treatment.
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Levocetirizine1. Rhinitis (seasonal and perennial)
2. Idiopathic urticaria
Interactions for LevocetirizineCoadministration with alcohol or other CNS depressants may have additional CNS depressant effect. Typical Dosage for LevocetirizineOral-
Adult-5mg/day.
Children (>6yrs) - 5mg/day. Schedule of LevocetirizineN/AStorage Requirements for LevocetirizineStore in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and heat.
Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of LevocetirizineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of LevocetirizineGive symptomatic and supportive treatment.Home Delivery for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine in Your City
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Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for paracetamol + phenylephrine + caffeine + levocetirizine might be better known than paracetamol + phenylephrine + caffeine + levocetirizine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have paracetamol + phenylephrine + caffeine + levocetirizine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for paracetamol + phenylephrine + caffeine + levocetirizine.