Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin Pharmacology

Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin

About Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
Amoxycillin is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gramnegative pathogens, and dicloxacillin acts against penicillinase producing Gram-positive pathogens.
Mechanism of Action of Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Pharmacokinets of Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Onset of Action for Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Duration of Action for Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Half Life of Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Side Effects of Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Contra-indications of Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
History of allergic reaction to any of the penicillins.
Special Precautions while taking Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Because of an incompletely developed renal function in neonates and young infants,
the elimination of the drug may be delayed.
Indications for Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
1.Respiratory tract Infections
Tonsillar abscess, otitis media, suppurative sinus infection, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchi-ectasis, bronchopneumonia, pleu-risy, empyema, lung abscess, emphysema, bronchiolitis.
2.Gynaecological Infections
Septic abortion, puerperal infections, caesarean sections and other gynaeco-logical surgeries.
3.Urinary tract Infections
Acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis.
4.Skin and soft tissue Infections
Recurrent boils, carbuncles, impetigo, cellulitis and other infected dermatoses.
5.Bone Infections
Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.
6.Serious Infections
Septicaemia, bacterial endocarditis, brain abscess and bacterial meningitis.
Interactions for Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Typical Dosage for Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
1.Adults
One capsule three to four times daily.
2.Children
One pedtab three to four times daily.

Injections:

For I.M. use, dilute with 1-3 ml of sterile water. For I.V. use, dilute with 5 ml of sterile water.

Adults
One to two vials every six to eight hours.
Schedule of Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Storage Requirements for Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
Store in a cool, dry place.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Amoxycillin + Dicloxacillin
Symptoms of penicillin overdose include neuromuscular hypersensitivity (eg,
agitation, hallucinations, asterixis, encephalopathy, confusion, and seizures).
Electrolyte imbalance may occur if the preparation contains potassium or sodium
salts, especially in renal failure. Hemodialysis may aid in the removal of the drug
from blood; otherwise, treatment is supportive or symptom-directed.

Amoxycillin

About Amoxycillin
Semisynthetic Broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, An aminopenicillin Derivative.
Mechanism of Action of Amoxycillin
Amoxycillin is a bactericidal drug. It is a Beta lactum antibiotic. It binds to the Penicillin binding protein in the cell wall of bacteria and inhibits the enzyme transpeptidase which is responsible for the transpeptidation reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis. It also activates the endogenous enzyme which degrades the peptidoglycan.These results in inhibition of protein synthesis and there by cell wall synthesis. Amoxycillin is active against gram positive and gram negative bacteria except penicillinase producing once.
Pharmacokinets of Amoxycillin
Absorption .It is well absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is very widely distributed in the body .Metabolism: In significant metabolism. Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine and small amount excreted
in breast milk
Onset of Action for Amoxycillin
60 -120 minutes
Duration of Action for Amoxycillin
6-8 hours
Half Life of Amoxycillin
60 minutes
Side Effects of Amoxycillin
1.Aaphylaxis
2. Vomiting
3.Diarrhoea
4 Nausea
5.Rash
6.Urticaria
7.Thrombocytopenia
8.Nephritis
9.Seizure
10.Super infections.
Contra-indications of Amoxycillin
Hypersensitivity to Amoxicillin and other Penicillins.
Special Precautions while taking Amoxycillin
1.Mononucleosis
2.Lymphatic leukaemia
3.HIV infections
4.Hepatic impairment
5.Renal impairment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Amoxycillin
1Urinary tract infections
2.Gonorrhoea
3 Meningitis
4.SABE
5.Respiratory tract infections
6.Septicemia
7.Soft tissue infections
8.Otitis media
9.Sinusitis
10.Tetanus
11.Biliarytract infections
12.Bronchitis
13.Salmonellosis
14.Typhoid
15.Gastroenteritis
16.Chlamydia infection
17.Paratyphoid fever
18.Dental infections
Interactions for Amoxycillin
Oral contraceptives: Efficacy reduced, may cause breakthrough bleeding or pregnancy.
Erythromycin, Tetracycline: Reduce efficacy.
Typical Dosage for Amoxycillin
ADULT: 250 - 500 mg three to four times daily.
In severe infections dose can be increased to 3 - 6 g daily depending on the severity of infection.
CHILDREN:125 - 250 mg three to four times a day depending on the severity of infection.
Schedule of Amoxycillin
H
Storage Requirements for Amoxycillin
It should store at temperature below 25 degree C. Keep away from moisture and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Amoxycillin
Take the dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to the next dose then skip the missed dose
Effects of Overdose of Amoxycillin
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. If the patient is conscious induce emesis or gastric lavage followed by charcoal administration. Haemodialysis can be done if needed.

Dicloxacillin

About Dicloxacillin
A semisynthetic narrow spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic ofpenicillin class, Penicillinase resistant Antibiotic.
Mechanism of Action of Dicloxacillin
Like other ?-lactam antibiotics, dicloxacillin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross-linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polymer chains that make up a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.
Pharmacokinets of Dicloxacillin
Absorption :Absorption after oral administration is rapid but incomplete,food delays absorption
Distribution: widespread, highest in kidneys & liver, CSF low
Protein Binding: 96%
Metabolism: hepatic CYP3A4
Excretion: renal, feces
Onset of Action for Dicloxacillin
N/A
Duration of Action for Dicloxacillin
N/A
Half Life of Dicloxacillin
0.7 hour
Side Effects of Dicloxacillin
1.Diarrhoea
2.Nausea
3.Rash
4.Urticaria
5.Pain and inflammation at injection site
6.Superinfection (including candidiasis)
7.Allergy
8.Transient increases in liver enzymes and bilirubin
Contra-indications of Dicloxacillin
1.Hypersensitivity to penicillins,cephalosporins, carbapenems
2.Not to be used in the eye
3.Cholestatic hepatitis associated with the use of dicloxacillin
Special Precautions while taking Dicloxacillin
1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic impairment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Excreted in breast milk, use caution
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Dicloxacillin
1.Used to treat infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci which have demonstrated susceptibility to the drug.
2.Staphylococcal skin infections and cellulitis ? including impetigo, otitis externa, folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, and mastitis
3.Pneumonia (adjunct)
4.Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, throat infections, streptococcus
5.Septicaemia
6.Empirical treatment for endocarditis
7.Surgical prophylaxis
Interactions for Dicloxacillin
1.Dicloxacillin decreases anticoagulant effect of warfarin
2.Probenecid prolongs T1/2 of dicloxacillin
3.Bacteriostatic drugs eg chloramphenicol, tetracyclines; other antibacterials; anticoagulants.
Typical Dosage for Dicloxacillin
Adult:250 to 500mg in every 6 hours
Paediatric:<40 kg: 12.5-25 mg/kg/day PO divided q6hr
Schedule of Dicloxacillin
N/A
Storage Requirements for Dicloxacillin
N/A
Effects of Missed Dosage of Dicloxacillin
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Dicloxacillin
N/A

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