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- Pharmacology For Paracetamol + Orphenadrine
Paracetamol + Orphenadrine Pharmacology
Paracetamol + Orphenadrine
About Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/AMechanism of Action of Paracetamol + OrphenadrineParacetamol, a para-aminophenol derivative, is a peripherally acting analgesic with antipyretic and weak anti-inflammatory activity. Orphenadrine, an analog of diphenhydramine, is a skeletal muscle relaxant and is postulated to act on cerebral motor center or on the medulla through an atropine-like central action. It has anticholinergic, local anaesthetic effects and some antihistaminic effects. Orphenadrine is used either as the hydrochloride or the citrate and doses are expressed in terms of the relevant salt.Pharmacokinets of Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/AOnset of Action for Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/ADuration of Action for Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/AHalf Life of Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/ASide Effects of Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/AContra-indications of Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Paracetamol + OrphenadrinePain and muscular spasm in patients with musculoskeletal disordersInteractions for Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/ATypical Dosage for Paracetamol + Orphenadrine2 tablet tidSchedule of Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/AStorage Requirements for Paracetamol + OrphenadrineStore in a well closed container at below 25 degree celcius. Keep out of the reach of childrenEffects of Missed Dosage of Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/AEffects of Overdose of Paracetamol + OrphenadrineN/AParacetamol
About ParacetamolAcetanilide derivative, Non narcotic Analgesic,Antipyretic.Mechanism of Action of ParacetamolParacetamol has analgesic and antipyretic action.
It is more active on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in brain. Peripherally it is a poor inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis.
Analgesic action: Paracetamol raises the pain threshold and produces analgesic effect.
Antipyretic action: Paracetamol lowers fever by direct action on the thermoregulatory centre in the Hypothalamus and block the effects of endogenous pyrogen.
Pharmacokinets of ParacetamolAbsorption: Paracetamol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed mostly in the body in unbound form.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted in the urine.
Onset of Action for Paracetamol30 - 60 minutesDuration of Action for Paracetamol6 hoursHalf Life of Paracetamol1-4 hoursSide Effects of Paracetamol1. Nausea
2. Abdominal distress
3. Allergic reactions
4. Rash
Contra-indications of Paracetamol1. Hypersensitivity to ParacetamolSpecial Precautions while taking Paracetamol1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. Hypertension
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Paracetamol1. To relieve pain and fever
2. Acute gout
3. Migraine
Interactions for ParacetamolCholestyramine: Reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Charcoal: Activated, administered immediately reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Domperidone and metochlopramide: Enhance absorption of paracetamol.
Alcohol: Chronic excessive ingestion of alcohol potentiates hepatotoxicity of paracetamol.
Zidovudine: Effects zidovudine may be decreased.Typical Dosage for ParacetamolAdult:
500 - 1000 mg in 3 times daily
Maximum dose: 4 g / day
For migraine: 500 mg to be taken at the first sign of migraine attack and repeated 4 - 6 hourly until suppress mild attacks.
Children:
60 mg / kg body weight /day in 4 divided doses.
Schedule of ParacetamolHStorage Requirements for ParacetamolStore at 15-30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of ParacetamolTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of ParacetamolGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. N-acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for Paracetamol poisoning. Dose: 150 mg /kg body weight as IV infusion over 15 minutes followed by same dose over 20 hours.
Maintenance dose: 75 mg / kg orally every 4 - 6 hours for 2 - 3 days. Haemodialysis can be done in emergency conditions.
Orphenadrine
About OrphenadrineAnticholinergic(AntiMuscarinic),ethanolamine H1 antagonist, Anti-Parkinson`s Agent,Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxent.Mechanism of Action of OrphenadrineThe exact mechanism of action is not known. A lesion in the Nigra striatum may be responsible for Parkinson`s disease which results in a reduction in Dopamine concentrations. This in turn causes a relative imbalance between dopaminergic and cholinergic neurological pathways. Procyclidine acts by blocking the central muscarinic receptors (M1, M2 and M4 receptors). Thereby it balances cholinergic and dopaminergic action in the basal ganglia.
Skeletal muscle relaxant action: It reduces skeletal muscle spasm by its anticholinergic action on cerebral motor centers.
Orphenadrine binds to both H1 receptor and NMDA receptors. It restores the motor disturbances induced by Neuroleptics
Pharmacokinets of OrphenadrineAbsorption: Orphenadrine is absorbed rapidly.
Distribution: It is very widely distributed in the body.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted primarily in urine.
Onset of Action for Orphenadrine60 minutesDuration of Action for Orphenadrine4 - 6 hoursHalf Life of Orphenadrine14 hoursSide Effects of Orphenadrine1. Dry mouth
2. Nausea
3. Vomiting
4. Constipation
5. Abdominal cramps
6. Dizziness
7. Headache
8. Nervousness
9. Drowsiness
10. Blurred vision
11. Irritability
12. Tachycardia
13. Urinary retention
14. Mydriasis
15. Increased intraocular pressure
Contra-indications of Orphenadrine1. Hypersensitivity to Ophenadrine
2. Narrow angle glaucoma
3. Prostatic hyperplasia
4. Gastrointestinal obstruction
5. Myasthenia gravis
Special Precautions while taking Orphenadrine1. Renal impairment
2. Hepatic impairment
3. Tachycardia
4. Arrhythmia
5. Urinary retention
6. Peptic ulcer
7. Use with caution when driving vehicle or operating machines
8. Avoid alcohol
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationContraindicated
NEONATES : ContraindicatedIndications for Orphenadrine1. Parkinsonism
2. Drug induced Extrapyramidal symptoms
3. Skeletal muscle Spasms
Interactions for OrphenadrineAnticholinergics, MAOIs and Anti-depressants: Effects of these agents potentiated.
Propoxyphene: Confusion, anxiety and tremors.
Chlorpromazine: Therapeutic effects of chlorpromazine may be decreased.
Haloperidol: Worsening of schizophrenic symptoms, decreased haloperidol levels and development of tardive dyskinesias.
Levodopa: Synergistic effect.
Barbiturates, steroids and phenylbutazone: Orphenadrine antagonises effects of these drugs.
Typical Dosage for OrphenadrineAdult:
Parkinsonism, Drug induced Extrapyramidal symptoms: 150 mg / day in 3 divided doses gradually increase the dose by 50 mg every 2 - 3 days until effective response is obtained.
Maintenance dose: 150 - 300 mg / day
Maximum dose: 400 mg / day
Pain and discomfort associated with musculoskeletal injuries and other conditions: 200 mg / day in 2 divided doses.
Schedule of OrphenadrineHStorage Requirements for OrphenadrineStore at cool dry place. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of OrphenadrineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed. If it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of OrphenadrineGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by inducing emesis or by gastric lavage. The absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. Home Delivery for Paracetamol + Orphenadrine in Your City
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Paracetamol + Orphenadrine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for paracetamol + orphenadrine might be better known than paracetamol + orphenadrine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have paracetamol + orphenadrine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for paracetamol + orphenadrine.