Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals Pharmacology

Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals

About Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Mechanism of Action of Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Pharmacokinets of Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Onset of Action for Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Duration of Action for Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Half Life of Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Side Effects of Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Contra-indications of Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Special Precautions while taking Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Interactions for Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Typical Dosage for Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Schedule of Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Storage Requirements for Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Effects of Overdose of Vitamin B-Complex + Vitamin C + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin K + Vitamin E + Minerals
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Vitamin B-Complex

About Vitamin B-Complex
Vitamin B-complex are group of vitamins, which include Thiamine (B1),Riboflavin (B2),Niacin (B3),Pantothenic acid (B5),Pyridoxine (B6),Cyanocobalamin (B12),Folic acid and Biotin.
These vitamins are essential for the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose (this provides energy for the body),the breakdown of fats and proteins (which aids the normal functioning of the nervous system),muscle tone in the stomach and intestinal tract,Skin,Hair,Eyes,Mouth and Liver
Mechanism of Action of Vitamin B-Complex
N/A
Pharmacokinets of Vitamin B-Complex
N/A
Onset of Action for Vitamin B-Complex
N/A
Duration of Action for Vitamin B-Complex
N/A
Half Life of Vitamin B-Complex
N/A
Side Effects of Vitamin B-Complex
1.Drowsiness
2.Headache
3.Diarrhoea
4.Nausea.
5.Numbness of the skin
Contra-indications of Vitamin B-Complex
Hypersensitivity to the ingredient of Vitamin B-complex
Special Precautions while taking Vitamin B-Complex
1.Pernecious anaemia
2.Patient receiving dialysis
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used.
Old Age Related Information
May be used.
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used.
Children Related Information
May be used.
Indications for Vitamin B-Complex
1.Vitamin deficiency states
2. As an adjuvant to antibiotic therapy
3. Combinations with lactobacillus are indicated in aphthous stomatitis, thrush.
Interactions for Vitamin B-Complex
Sulfinpyrazone: Uricosuric effect of sulfinpyrazone may be inhibited by niacin.
Levodopa: Pyridoxine reduces efficacy of levodopa. Avoid supplemental vitamins that contain greater then 5 mg pyridoxine in the daily dose.
Phenobarbital: Serum levels of Phenobarbital may be decreased if used concomitantly with pyridoxine.
Phenytoin: Pyridoxine decreases serum levels of phenytoin.
Dapsone: PABA antagonizes anti-malarial effect of dapsone.
Typical Dosage for Vitamin B-Complex
I tablet /day
Schedule of Vitamin B-Complex
N/A
Storage Requirements for Vitamin B-Complex
Store at room temperature. Keep out of the reach of children.Protect from heat, light and moisture.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin B-Complex
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vitamin B-Complex
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Vitamin C

About Vitamin C
Water soluble vitamin, antioxidant.
Mechanism of Action of Vitamin C
Vitamin C exerts it`s action by influencing the biologic oxidations and reductions used in cellular respirations. It directly stimulates collagen synthesis and maintains intracellular connective tissue. It involves in various metabolic reactions such as 1).Hydroxylation of praline and lysine residues of protocollagen which is essential for formation and stabilization of collagen triple helix, 2).hydroxylation of carnitine, 3).Conversion of folic acid to folinic acid, 4).biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, catecholamines, oxytocin, and ADH, 5).Metabolism of cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins. Vitamin C is important in resistance to infections.
Pharmacokinets of Vitamin C
Absorption: Well absorbed orally.
Distribution: Widely distributed both extracellularly and intracellularly, It crosses the placenta and also distributed in to the breast milk.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver; partly oxidized in to active dehydroascorbic acid and inactive metabolites.
Excretion: Inactive metabolites and extra drug is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Vitamin C
N/A
Duration of Action for Vitamin C
N/A
Half Life of Vitamin C
N/A
Side Effects of Vitamin C
1. Discomfort at injection site
2. Acid urine
3. Renal calculi
4. Oxaluria
Contra-indications of Vitamin C
No known contraindications
Special Precautions while taking Vitamin C
1. Renal impairment
2. Ingestion of large doses during pregnancy has resulted in scurvy in neonates
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
May be used
Indications for Vitamin C
1. Scurvy
2. Prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin C deficiency
3. As an antioxidant to maintain natural colour and flavour of food items
4. For acidification of urine
5. Capillary fragility
6. Dental caries

Interactions for Vitamin C
Oral contraceptives and estrogens: Vitamin C increases serum levels of oestrogen resulting in adverse reactions .
Warfarin: The anticoagulant effects of warfarin is reduced.
Lab Tests: Large doses (>500 mg) of vitamin C may cause false negative urine glucose determinations. May result in false negative amine dependent stool occult blood tests.
Typical Dosage for Vitamin C
Oral:
Adults: 50 to 1000mg/day depending up on the requirement.
Pregnancy and lactation: 100 to 150mg/day
Children: 30 to 100mg/day.
Scurvy:
Oral:
Adults: 1000mg twice daily to thrice daily.
Children: 300mg to 1000mg daily.
Sub clinical scurvy:
Oral, S.C., I.M., or I.V.: 100 to 250mg once daily or twice daily depending up on the severity of the condition. Then give a maintenance dosage of 50mg/day.
Children: 100 to 300mg depending up on the severity. Then give a maintenance dose of 35mg/day.

Schedule of Vitamin C
C1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)
Storage Requirements for Vitamin C
Store in a cool dry area in a well closed container. Protects from moisture, light and direct heat.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin C
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vitamin C
Discontinue the therapy and provide symptomatic and supportive measures.

Vitamin D3

About Vitamin D3
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Vitamin D3
Vitamin D3 is a form of vitamin D. It is also called as Cholecalciferol.7-Dehydrocholesterol is the precursor of vitamin D3 and only forms the vitamin after being exposed to UV radiation.After exposure to the sun, cholecalciferol is sent to the liver to be hydroxylated where it becomes 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3.Next, it is sent to the kidney and once again hydroxylated becoming 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D3. 1,25-Hydroxyvitmain D3 is the active form of vitamin D3, for this reason vitamin D is often referred to as a prohormone.Vitamin D exerts it`s action by influencing calcium homoeostasis. It increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. It binds to the cytoplasmic Vitamin D receptor and translocates to the nucleus and thus increases the synthesis of specific m RNA and regulates protein synthesis. It increases the synthesis of a carrier protein for calcium called "calbindin" or calcium binding protein. Activation of Vitamin D receptor enhances endocytotic capture of calcium and it`s transport across duodenal mucosal cells in a vesicular form. Vitamin D promotes resorption of calcium and phosphate from bone by enhancing recruitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursors in the bone remodeling units. It helps in bone mineralization.
Pharmacokinets of Vitamin D3
Absorption: Well absorbed orally in the presence of bile salts, Malabsorption and steatorrhoea interfere with it`s absorption.
Distribution: Widely distributed in a protein bound form. It is stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Metabolism: It is hydroxylated in to both active and inactive metabolites and also metabolized in kidney.
Excretion: Metabolites are excreted mainly through bile.
Onset of Action for Vitamin D3
N/A
Duration of Action for Vitamin D3
N/A
Half Life of Vitamin D3
N/A
Side Effects of Vitamin D3
1. Hypercalcaemia
2. Fatigue
3. Weakness
4. Diarrhoea
5. Vomiting
6. Sluggishness
7. Albuminuria
8. Polyuria
9. Calcification of soft tissues (blood vessels, parenchymal organs including heart)
10. Arrhythmias
11. Renal stones
12. Growh retardation in children
13. Hypertension
14. Anorexia
15. Nausea
16. Constipation
17. Elevated liver enzymes
Contra-indications of Vitamin D3
1. Hypercalcaemia
2. Hypervitaminosis D
3. Renal osteodystrophy with hyperphosphatemia
4. Renal impairment
Special Precautions while taking Vitamin D3
1. Renal diseases
2. Renal stones
3. Cardiac diseases
4. Arteriosclerosis
5. Coronary diseases
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Vitamin D3
1. Rickets and Osteomalacia
2. Hypoparathyroidism
3. Fanconi`s syndrome
4. Osteoporosis
Interactions for Vitamin D3
Antacids: Hypermagnesemia may develop in patients on renal dialysis who take magnesium containing antacids.
Digitalis glycosides: May precipitate cardiac arrhythmias due to hypercalcemia.
Verapamil: Atrial fibrillation may occur.
Cholestyramine: Intestinal absorption of Vitamin D may be reduced.
Mineral Oil: Prolonged use of mineral oil may result in reduced absoprtion of Vitamin D.
Phenytoin, Barbiturates: Half life of vitamin D may be reduced.
Thaizide diuretics: Hypoparathyroid patients on Vitamin D may develop hypercalcemia due to thiazide diuretics.
Typical Dosage for Vitamin D3
Oral:
Adults:
Nutritional Rickets and Osteomalacia: 25 to 125mcg daily in normal gastrointestinal absorption. In severe malabsorption; 250mcg to 7.5mg orally or 250mcg I.M.
Vitamin dependent Rickets: 250mcg to 1.5mg daily
Hypoparathyroidism: 625mcg to 5mg daily with calcium supplements
Fanconi`s syndrome: 1.25 to 5mg daily
Osteoporosis: 25 to 250mcg daily or 1.25mg once weekly with calcium and fluoride supplements.
Hypophosphatemia: 250mcg to 1.5mg along with phosphate supplements
Children:
Nutritional Rickets and Osteomalacia: 25 to 125mcg daily in normal gastrointestinal absorption. In severe malabsorption; 250mcg to 625mcg orally
Vitamin dependent Rickets: 75 to 125mcg daily.
Fanconi`s syndrome: 625mcg to 1.25mg daily
Hypophosphatemia: 1 to 2mg daily with phosphate supplements. Increase the dose in increments of 250 to 500mcg at intervals of 3 to 4months until desired therapeutic response is obtained.

Schedule of Vitamin D3
N/A
Storage Requirements for Vitamin D3
Store in a well closed container in a cool place. Protect from light and excess heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin D3
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vitamin D3
Provide supportive and symptomatic treatment. Stops the treatment and starting a low calcium diet. Increases the fluid intake and administer Loop diuretics like furosemide may be given with saline I.V. infusion to increase calcium excretion. Calcitonin may decrease hypercalcaemia.

Vitamin K

About Vitamin K
Fat soluble vitamin, Antihemorrhagic.
Mechanism of Action of Vitamin K
Phytonadione (Vitamin K1) is a synthetic form of vitamin K and is lipid soluble. Vitamin K acts as a cofactor in the synthesis of coagulation proteins; prothrombin, factors VII, IX, and X by liver. Vitamin K dependent changes in the final stage of synthesis of these coagulation proteins is gama-carboxylation of glutamate residues of these zymogen proteins and their descarboxy-forms converted in to active forms; which confers on them the capacity to bind Ca2+ and to get bound to the phospholipid surfaces which are essential properties for participation in the coagulation cascade.
Pharmacokinets of Vitamin K
Absorption: Absorbed orally with the help of bile salts and also administered parenterally.
Distribution: Concentrates in liver in a very short time.
Metabolism: Rapidly metabolized by liver.
Excretion: Excreted through faeces.
Onset of Action for Vitamin K
Oral: 3 to 12hours
I.V., I.M., S.C.: 1 to 2 hours
Duration of Action for Vitamin K
N/A
Half Life of Vitamin K
N/A
Side Effects of Vitamin K
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Headache
4. Dizziness
5. Convulsive movements
6. Hypotension
7. Arrhythmias
8. Rapid and weak pulse
9. Diaphoresis
10. Flushing
11. Erythema
12. Urticaria
13. Pruritus
14. Rash
15. Bronchospasm
16. Dyspnea
17. Anaphylactic reactions
18. Kernicterus

Contra-indications of Vitamin K
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
Special Precautions while taking Vitamin K
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Vitamin K
1. Hypoprothrombinemia due to Vitamin K malabsorption or drug therapy or inadequate bile secretion
2. Hypoprothrombinemia due to Vitamin K malabsorption or drug therapy or excess vitamin A
3. Hypoprothrombinemia due to oral anticoagulants
4. Hypoprothrombinemia due to vitamin K deficiency due to long term parenteral nutrition
5. Hemorrhagic disease in neonates
6. Uterine bleeding
7. Metrorrhagia
8. Post partum bleeding
9. Haemoptysis
10. Epistaxis
11. Haematemesis
12. Obstructive jaundice
Interactions for Vitamin K
Anticoagulants: It may be necessary to increase the anticoagulant dose.
Mineral oil: May decrease Gl absorption of vitamin K.
Typical Dosage for Vitamin K
Hypoprothrombinemia due to Vitamin K malabsorption or drug therapy or inadequate bile secretion: 5 to 10mg/day orally. Adjust the dosage based on patient`s response.
Hypoprothrombinemia due to Vitamin K malabsorption or drug therapy or excess vitamin A: 2 to 25mg orally or parenterally. Increases the dosage up to 50mg if required.
Children: 5 to 10mg
Infants: 2mg
Hypoprothrombinemia due to oral anticoagulants:2.5 to 10mg orally, subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Repeated if required.
For emergency management: 10 to 50mg as slow I.V; rate not more than 1mg/minute. Repeated four times daily or three times daily if required.
Hypoprothrombinemia due to vitamin K deficiency due to long term parenteral nutrition: 5 to 10mg; intramuscularly weekly.
Children: 2 to 5mg
Hemorrhagic disease in neonates: 500mcg to 1000mcg S.C. or I.M. immediately after birth. Repeated in two to three weeks if needed.

Schedule of Vitamin K
N/A
Storage Requirements for Vitamin K
Store at room temperature away from excess heat and moisture. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin K
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Vitamin K
Treatment is supportive and symptomatic

Vitamin E

About Vitamin E
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protecting unsaturated lipids in the cell membrane, coenzyme Q, vitamin A, vitamin C etc. from free radical oxidation damage and generation of toxic peroxidation products. It also decreases platelet aggregation.
Pharmacokinets of Vitamin E
Absorption: Absorbed through lymph with the help of bile. Only 20 to 60% of vitamin from dietary sources is absorbed. As dose increases the fraction absorbed decreases.
Distribution: Widely distributed in a protein bound form and stored in adipose tissue.
Metabolism: Metabolized in liver by glucuronide conjugation.
Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile and also excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Vitamin E
N/A
Duration of Action for Vitamin E
N/A
Half Life of Vitamin E
N/A
Side Effects of Vitamin E
1. Fatigue
2. Weakness
3. Headache
4. Nausea
5. Diarrhoea
6. Blurred vision
7. Flatulence


Contra-indications of Vitamin E
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Should not administer intravenously
Special Precautions while taking Vitamin E
1. Hepatic impairment
2. Gall bladder disease
3. Along with estrogens
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Vitamin E
1. Vitamin E deficiency
2. Intermittent claudication
3. Nocturnal muscle cramps
4. Coronary artery disease
5. Fibrocystic breast disease
6. Cystic fibrosis
7. In premature infants exposed to high concentration of oxygen
8. As antioxidant


Interactions for Vitamin E
Oral anticoagulants : Hypoprothrombinemic effect may be increased with possibility of bleeding.

Typical Dosage for Vitamin E
Oral:
Vitamin E deficiency:
Adults: 40 to 50mg/day or 60 to 75i.u. daily based on the severity of deficiency.
Children: 1 unit/kg/day.
Premature neonates: 5units daily.
Full term neonates: 5 units per liter of formula.
Intermittent claudication: 400mg/day for 12 to 18 weeks.
Nocturnal muscle cramps: 400mg/day for 8 to 12 weeks.
Coronary artery disease: 100 to 200mg/day for at least 2 years.
Fibrocystic breast disease: 600mg/day for at least 2years.
Cystic fibrosis: 100 to 200mg/day.
Children above 1 year: 100mg/day.
Children below 1year: 50mg/day.



Schedule of Vitamin E
C1
Storage Requirements for Vitamin E
Store in a well closed container in a cool dry place. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin E
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vitamin E
Provide supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Minerals

About Minerals
Dietary mineral supplement, Nutritional supplement.
Mechanism of Action of Minerals
N/A
Pharmacokinets of Minerals
N/A
Onset of Action for Minerals
N/A
Duration of Action for Minerals
N/A
Half Life of Minerals
N/A
Side Effects of Minerals
N/A
Contra-indications of Minerals
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Minerals
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
N/A
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
N/A
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Minerals
N/A
Interactions for Minerals
N/A
Typical Dosage for Minerals
N/A
Schedule of Minerals
N/A
Storage Requirements for Minerals
N/A
Effects of Missed Dosage of Minerals
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Minerals
N/A

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