Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine Pharmacology

Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

About Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Mechanism of Action of Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Pharmacokinets of Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Onset of Action for Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Duration of Action for Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Half Life of Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Side Effects of Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Contra-indications of Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Special Precautions while taking Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Pregnancy Related Information

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Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

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Children Related Information

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Indications for Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Interactions for Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Typical Dosage for Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Schedule of Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Storage Requirements for Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Effects of Overdose of Vit B1 + Vit B2 + Vit B3 + Vit B6 + Lysine

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Vit B1

About Vit B1

Physiological functions: Thiamine pyrophosphate is a coenzyme and the active form of vitamin B. It functions as coenzyme in decarboxylation of a-keto acid and in Hexose Monophosphate shunt.
Deficiency symptoms: In severe vitamin B1 deficiency beriberi develops. It is of two types:
a) Wet beriberi
b) Dry beriberi
Wet beriberi: In this the symptoms are related to the cardiovascular system and they are palpitations, tachycardia, dyspnoea, ECG changes, oedema, and high output cardiac failure.
Dry beriberi: The symptoms and signs are related to the Nervous system. The main features are peripheral neuritis, hyperaesthesia (localized areas) or anaesthesia, there is gradual loss in muscle strength, wrist drop, poor memory, depression, lack of initiative and anorexia.

Mechanism of Action of Vit B1

Thiamine exerts it`s action by influencing carbohydrate metabolism. It combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate in the body. Thiamine pyrophosphate acts as a coenzyme for carbohydrate metabolism, decarboxylation of ketoacids, and hexose monophosphate shunt. It also have plays some role in neuromuscular transmission.

Pharmacokinets of Vit B1

Absorption: Well absorbed orally.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the body. It is also distributed in to breast milk.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
Excretion: Excess thiamine is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Vit B1

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B1

N/A

Half Life of Vit B1

N/A

Side Effects of Vit B1

1. Angioedema
2. Cardiovascular collapse
3. Cyanosis
4. Restleessness
5. Nausea
6. Haemorrhage
7. Weakness
8. Allergic reactions
9. Tightness of throat
10. Feeling of warmth
11. Urticaria
12. Pruritus
13. Tenderness and induration following I. M. administration

Contra-indications of Vit B1

1. Hypersensitivity to the drug

Special Precautions while taking Vit B1

N/A

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

May be used

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

May be used

Indications for Vit B1

1. Thiamine deficiency
2. Dry beriberi
3. Wet beriberi
4. Wernicke`s encephalopathy
5. Hyperemesis gravidarum
6. Korsakoffs syndrome
7. Polyneuritis secondary to alcoholism
8. Multiple neurosis
9. Toxic and confusional states
10. Anorexia nervosa
11. Delirium

Interactions for Vit B1

N/A

Typical Dosage for Vit B1

Oral :
In mild deficiency: 10 to 25mg/day.
In severe deficiency: 200 to 300mg/day.
I.M, I.V.:
Beriberi:
Adults: 10 to 20mg I.M. depending up on the severity of the condition (Up to 100mg I.M. or I.V. for severe cases); thrice daily for two weeks followed by dietary correction and multivitamin supplement containing 5 to 30mg Thiamine/day in single or divided doses for 1 month.
Wernicke`s encephalopathy: 100mg I.V. followed by 50 to 100mg IM. or I.V./day.
"Wet beriberi with heart failure": 10 to 30mg I.V. for emergency treatment.

Schedule of Vit B1

C1 (Oral)

Storage Requirements for Vit B1

Store in a well closed container; in a cool place and protect from light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B1

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vit B1

Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Vit B2

About Vit B2

N/A

Mechanism of Action of Vit B2

Riboflavin exerts it`s action by influencing metabolic reactions. Riboflavin functions in the forms of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) which are coenzymes for flavoproteins involved in many oxidation-reduction reactions. Both FMN and FAD play a vital metabolic role in numerous tissue respiration systems. Riboflavin also directly involves in maintaining erythrocyte integrity.

Pharmacokinets of Vit B2

Absorption: Well absorbed orally; bioavailability increases when administer along with food.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the tissues and limited amount is stored in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and heart. It crosses the placenta and also secreted in to the breast milk.
Metabolism: Phosphorylated in the intestine, liver and other tissues to FMN and metabolized in to FAD the liver.
Excretion: Larger doses are excreted unchanged in urine.

Onset of Action for Vit B2

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B2

N/A

Half Life of Vit B2

66 to 84 minutes

Side Effects of Vit B2

1. Bright yellow urine with higher doses

Contra-indications of Vit B2

No known contraindications.

Special Precautions while taking Vit B2

N/A

Pregnancy Related Information

May be used

Old Age Related Information

May be used

Breast Feeding Related Information

May be used

Children Related Information

May be used

Indications for Vit B2

1. Ariboflavinosis
2. Arteriosclerosis
3. Hypertension
4. Obesity
5. Diabetis
6. Cholepathy
7. Glossitis
8. Stomatitis
9. Dermatitis of trunk and extremities
10. Other riboflavin deficiency symptoms

Interactions for Vit B2

Oral contraceptive:Dose of Riboflavin may need to be increased
Propantheline Bromide:Delays absorption rate of Riboflavin

Typical Dosage for Vit B2

Oral:
Adults: 20 to 40mg three times daily or depending up on the severity.
Children: 20mg daily.
Riboflavin deficiency:
Adults and children over 12 years: 5 to 30mg/day depending up on the severity .
Children (below 12years): 3 to 10mg/day depending up on the severity.

Schedule of Vit B2

Storage Requirements for Vit B2

Store in a well closed container; in a cool place and protect from light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B2

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose

Effects of Overdose of Vit B2

Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Vit B3

About Vit B3

N/A

Mechanism of Action of Vit B3

Niacin refers to Nicotinic acid as well as Nicotinamide which exerts it`s action by influencing metabolic reactions. It is converted in to coenzymes Ncotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and it`s phosphate Ncotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) involved in oxidation reduction reactions. These pyridine nucleotides act as hydrogen acceptors in the electron transport chain in tissue respiration, glycolysis, and fat synthesis. Nicotinic acid in high doses has vasodilator effects and also improves lipid profile; reduces serum cholesterol, raises HDL level, lowers VLDL, and LDL levels.

Pharmacokinets of Vit B3

Absorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in the body, and also secreted in to breast milk, Modest amounts are stored in liver, Metabolism: Metabolized in to active metabolites in liver, Excretion: Extra drug is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Vit B3

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B3

N/A

Half Life of Vit B3

N/A

Side Effects of Vit B3

1. Flushing
2. Activation of peptic ulcer
3. Nausea
4. Vomiting
5. Diarrhoea
6. Headache
7. Rashes
8. Pruritus
9. Hypotension
10. Arrhythmias
11. Hepatic impairment

Contra-indications of Vit B3

1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Hepatic impairment
3. Peptic ulcer
4. Severe hypotension
5. Arterial haemorrhage

Special Precautions while taking Vit B3

1.History of liver disease
2.Gall bladder diseases
3.Gout
4.Coronary artery diseases
5.Diabetes mellitus
6.When use along with Statins reduces the dosage of Statins

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Vit B3

1. Pellagra
2. Niacin deficiency
3. Hartnup disease
4. Hyperlipidaemia (only nicotinic acid
5. Peripheral vascular diseases (only nicotinic acid)

Interactions for Vit B3

Aspirin: May decrease the metabolic clearance of nicotinic acid
Sympathetic blocking agent: May cause added vasodilation and hypotension
Isoniazid: may deplete levels of niacin and cause deficiency.

Typical Dosage for Vit B3

Oral:
Pellagra: 200 to 500mg daily in divided doses
Prophylactically: 20 to 50mg daily.
Dietary supplement: 10 to 20mg daily
Peripheral vascular diseases (only nicotinic acid): 100 to 150mg three to five times daily. Alternatively 1000 to 2000g once daily at bed time.
Hyperlipidaemia (only nicotinic acid): 1.5 to 6g daily in two to four divided doses with or after meals.
Hartnup disease: 50 to 200mg daily in divided doses.

Schedule of Vit B3

Storage Requirements for Vit B3

Store at controlled room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B3

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vit B3

Provide supportive measures and symptomatic treatment

Vit B6

About Vit B6

Physiological functions: It is involved as a coenzyme (Pyridoxal phosphate) in metabolism of tryptophan, in several metabolic transformations of amino acids including transamination, decarboxylation & racemization.
Deficiency symptoms: Peripheral neuritis, seizures, stomatitis, glossitis, anaemia, seborrhea like lesions.

Mechanism of Action of Vit B6

Vitamin B6 is a collective term for Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated derivatives such as Pyridoxine phosphate, Pyridoxal phosphate and Pyridoxamine derivatives respectively. Vitamin B6 is essential for the metabolism of amino acid, glycogen and fatty acids, for nerve functions, for the formation of red blood cells and also helps the skin healthy. Vitamin B6 is also used for the synthesis of nucleic acid, Haemoglobin, Sphingomyelin, other Sphingolipids, Serotonin, Dopamine, Noradrenaline and GABA.

Pharmacokinets of Vit B6

Absorption: Vitamin B6 is readily absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is mainly distributed in the body in protein bound form. It is stored primarily in the liver and to a lesser extent muscle and brain.
Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver

Onset of Action for Vit B6

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B6

N/A

Half Life of Vit B6

15-20 days

Side Effects of Vit B6

1. Neuropathy
2. Unstable gait
3. Drowsiness
4. Perioral numbness
5. Paresthesia
6. Numbness of feet
7. Somnolence
8. Sensory neuropathy
9. Ataxia

Contra-indications of Vit B6

1. Hypersensitivity to Vitamin B6

Special Precautions while taking Vit B6

N/A

Pregnancy Related Information

May be used

Old Age Related Information

May be used

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution
NEONATES: Contraindicated

Indications for Vit B6

1. Vitamin B6 deficiency including inadequate diet and drug induced causes
2. Neuropathy
3. Premenstrual syndrome
4. Hyperoxaluria type 1
5. Metabolic disorder
6. Isoniazid poisoning

Interactions for Vit B6

Cycloserine, Hydralazine, Isoniazide, Oral contraceptive, Penicillamine: Increase Pyridoxine requirement.
Levodopa: Pyridoxine reverses the therapeutic effect of Levodopa.
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin: Pyridoxine decreases serum level of these anticonvulsants.

Typical Dosage for Vit B6

Adult: 10 - 20 mg / day
Dietary deficiency: 2.5 -10 mg / day for effective therapeutic response is obtained.
Maintenance dose: 2 - 5 mg / day for several weeks.
Drug induced deficiency: 100 - 200 mg / day for 3 weeks.
Maintenance dose: 25 - 100 mg / day
Neuropathy: 50 - 200 mg /day
Premenstrual syndrome: 40 - 500 mg / day
Hyperoxaluria type 1: 25 - 300 mg / day
Metabolic disorder: 100-500 mg /day.
Isoniazid poisoning: Initial dose: 1 - 4 g as IV administration, then 1 g IM every 30 minute until Pyridoxine dose is equal to the Isoniazid dose has been given.

Schedule of Vit B6

N/A

Storage Requirements for Vit B6

Store it at 15 - 30 degree C. Protect from moisture and heat.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B6

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vit B6

Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. The signs of Pyridoxine overdose can be resolved by discontinuation (withdrawal) of Pyridoxine.

Lysine

About Lysine

Nutrient, an a-amino acid, Essential amino acid.

Mechanism of Action of Lysine

Lysine is an essential amino acid. It is a basic building block of protein. It is required for tissue repair, growth and bone development in children, help in calcium absorption and maintaining the correct nitrogen balance in the body and maintaining lean body mass. It produces antibodies, hormones, enzymes, collagen formation.
Since it helps with the building of muscle protein, it is useful for patients recovering from injuries and recovery after operations. It is also useful against herpes and cold sores.
The single supplement should be taken on an empty stomach because larger amounts of the amino acid can build up in the blood and brain.

Pharmacokinets of Lysine

N/A

Onset of Action for Lysine

N/A

Duration of Action for Lysine

N/A

Half Life of Lysine

N/A

Side Effects of Lysine

1.Diarrhea
2.Stomach cramps

Contra-indications of Lysine

Hypersensitivity to the drug

Special Precautions while taking Lysine

1.Liver impairment
2.Kidney problems

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Lysine

1.Development and maintenance
2.Calcium absorption
3.Cold sores

Interactions for Lysine

N/A

Typical Dosage for Lysine

12 mg/ kg/ day.
For calcium absorption: 800 mg/day
For cold sores: 1000 mg/day if needed treatment can be continued up to 6 months

Schedule of Lysine

N/A

Storage Requirements for Lysine

Store at room temperature in a cool dry and dark area.Keep out of the reach of children.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Lysine

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Lysine

Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment

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