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- Pharmacology For Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acid
Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acid Pharmacology
Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acid
About Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/AMechanism of Action of Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/APharmacokinets of Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/AOnset of Action for Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/ADuration of Action for Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/AHalf Life of Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/ASide Effects of Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/AContra-indications of Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/APregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidVit B 12 deficiency, Peripheral neuropathyInteractions for Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/ATypical Dosage for Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acid1 capsule TDSSchedule of Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/AStorage Requirements for Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/AEffects of Overdose of Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acidN/AVit B12
About Vit B12N/AMechanism of Action of Vit B12Vitamin B12 is an essential constituent for growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Vitamin B12 is converted in to coenzyme B12 in the tissues which is essential for conversion of methyl-malonate to succinate and synthesis of methionine from homocystine. It is also associated with fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Cells characterized by rapid division such as epithelial cells, bone marrow, and myeloid cells appear to have greatest requirement of Cyanocobalamin.Pharmacokinets of Vit B12Absorption: Absorbed irregularly after oral administration and absorption depends on Ca and intrinsic factor. It is also administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly.
Distribution: Distributed in to liver, bone marrow, and other tissues. It crosses the placenta and appears in breast milk.
Metabolism: It is metabolized in liver.
Excretion: In normal dosage it is reabsorbed from bile and a minute portion is excreted through urine but the extra drug is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Vit B12N/ADuration of Action for Vit B12N/AHalf Life of Vit B12N/ASide Effects of Vit B121. Anaphylaxis
2. Anaphylactoid reactions
3. Pain and burning sensation at injection site
4. Itching
5. Urticaria
6. Transient diarrhea
7. Peripheral vascular thrombosis
8. Pulmonary oedema
Contra-indications of Vit B121. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Leber`s disease
Special Precautions while taking Vit B121. Anemic patients with coexisting cardiac, pulmonary and hypertensive diseases.Pregnancy Related InformationMay be usedOld Age Related InformationMay be usedBreast Feeding Related InformationMay be usedChildren Related InformationUse with caution
NEONATES : Use with caution
Indications for Vit B121. Vitamin B12 deficiency
2. Pernicious Anaemia
3. Peripheral neuropathy (diabetic, alcoholic, and drug induced)
Interactions for Vit B12N/ATypical Dosage for Vit B12I.M., S.C.:
Pernicious Anaemia: 100mcg daily for 1 week followed by the same dose given on alternate days for 7 doses and then every 3 to 4days for another 3 weeks. This regimen should be followed by 100mcg monthly for life. Concurrently administer folic acid if required.
Vitamin B12 deficiency other than pernicious Anaemia: 30mcg daily for 5 to 10days depending up on the severity of the condition.
Maintenance dosage: 100 to 200mcg once monthly.
Children: 100mcg I.M. or S.C. over the course of 2 or more weeks.
Maintenance dosage: 60mcg monthly I.M. or S.C.
Schilling test flushing dose:
Adults and Children: 1000mcg I.M. in single dose
Recommended RDA (recommended dietary allowance) for Vitamin B12:
Infants up to 6months of age: 0.3mcg.
Children age 6 months to 1 year: 0.5mcg.
Children age 1 to 3: 0.7mcg.
Children age 4 to 6: 1mcg.
Children age 7 to 10: 1.4mcg.
Children age 11 to adult: 2mcg..
Pregnant women: 2.2mcg.
Breast feeding women: 2.6mcg.
Schedule of Vit B12CStorage Requirements for Vit B12Store at room temperature range of 15 to 30 degree C.in a light resistant well closed container in a dry place.Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B12Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of Vit B12Not applicable. Even in large doses Vitamin B12 isn`t usually toxic.Alpha-Lipoic acid
About Alpha-Lipoic acidNaturally occurring dithiol compound , antioxidant, Agent for neuropathies.Mechanism of Action of Alpha-Lipoic acidAlpha-lipoic acid and its reduced metabolite, Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), form a redox couple and may scavenge a wide range of reactive oxygen species. Alpha-lipoic acid has been found to decrease urinary isoprostanes, O-LDL and plasma protein carbonyls, markers of oxidative stress. Further, alpha-lipoic acid and its redox couple DHLA have been found to have antioxidant activity in aqueous, as well as in lipophilic regions, and in extra cellular and intracellular environments. Alpha-lipoic acid participates in the recycling of other important biologic antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C, Ubiquinone and glutathione.
Both alpha-lipoic acid and DHLA can scavenge hydroxyl radicals, the nitric oxide radical, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite. Alpha-lipoic acid may scavenge singlet oxygen, and DHLA may scavenge super oxide and peroxyl reactive oxygen species.
Pharmacokinets of Alpha-Lipoic acidAbsorption: Alpha-lipoic acid is absorbed from the small intestine. The natural R-entantiomer is more readily absorbed than the L-entantiomer and is the more active form.
Distribution:It is distributed to the liver via the portal circulation and to various tissues in the body via the systemic circulation. . Alpha-lipoic acid readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is found, after its distribution to the various body tissues, intracellularly, intramitochondrialy and extracellularly.Metabolism: Alpha-lipoic acid is metabolized to its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), by mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase enzyme. DHLA, together with lipoic acid, form a redox couple. It is also metabolized to lipoamide, which functions as the lipoic acid cofactor in the multienzyme complexes that catalyze the oxidative decarboxylations of pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate. Alpha-lipoic acid may be metabolized to dithiol octanoic acid, which can undergo catabolism.
Onset of Action for Alpha-Lipoic acidN/ADuration of Action for Alpha-Lipoic acidN/AHalf Life of Alpha-Lipoic acidN/ASide Effects of Alpha-Lipoic acid1.Nausea
2.VomitingContra-indications of Alpha-Lipoic acid1.Contraindicated during radiotherapySpecial Precautions while taking Alpha-Lipoic acidPatient with diabetes and problems with glucose intolerancePregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Alpha-Lipoic acid1.Diabetic neuropathy
2.It may help prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and may be protective, generally, against oxidative stress and, specifically, against atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury and various radiologic and chemical toxins.
3.It may also be useful in some inborn metabolic disordersInteractions for Alpha-Lipoic acidN/ATypical Dosage for Alpha-Lipoic acidAdult: up to 600 milligrams daily
Diabetic neuropathy: 300 milligrams daily taken in divided doses.Schedule of Alpha-Lipoic acidN/AStorage Requirements for Alpha-Lipoic acidStore at room temperature away from moisture and heat.Keep out of the reach of children. Keep the medicine from freezing. Do not refrigerate.Effects of Missed Dosage of Alpha-Lipoic acidTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Continue the regular schedule.Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of Alpha-Lipoic acidGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.Home Delivery for Vit B12 + Alpha-lipoic acid in Your City
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