Prochlorperazine Pharmacology

Prochlorperazine

About Prochlorperazine
First-Generation Antipsychotic, Phenothiazine derivative, Antiemetic, Antipsychotic,anxiolytic.
Mechanism of Action of Prochlorperazine
Antipsychotic action: Prochlorperazine binds to the dopamine receptor (D1, D2, D3 &D4).It exerts its antipsychotic activity by blocking the dopamine projections in the limbic system and in mesocortical area. Peripherally and centrally it acts as a competitive Dopamine antagonist. Prochlorperazine also produces alpha adrenergic blocking activity and anticholinergic activity. It also produces weak H1 antihistaminic activity and anti serotonin activity.
Antiemetic action: Antiemetic activity is by blocking dopamine receptor (D2 receptor) in the Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
Migraine: Prochlorperazine has been used in migraine to control severe nausea and vomiting unresponsive to Antiemetics and to relieve the pain of severe migraine attacks unresponsive to parenteral Dihydroergotamine or Sumatriptan.
Vertigo: Prochlorperazine are also used in vertigo to control associated vomiting.
Pharmacokinets of Prochlorperazine
Absorption: It is absorbed after oral administration. Rate and extent of absorption of drug varies with route of administration. Distribution: It is distributed widely in the body in protein bound form. Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver .Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine. Small amount of drug is excreted through faeces and breast milk.
Onset of Action for Prochlorperazine
30 - 40 minutes
Duration of Action for Prochlorperazine
3 - 6 hours
Half Life of Prochlorperazine
6.8 - 7 hours
Side Effects of Prochlorperazine
1. Tardive dyskinesia
2. Extrapyramidal reactions
3. Drowsiness
4. Sedation
5. Dizziness
6. Hypotension
7. Dry mouth
8. Constipation
9. Blurred vision
10. Cholestatic jaundice
11. Thrombocytopenia
12. Haemolytic anaemia
13. Agranulocytosis
14. Anorexia
15. Insomnia
16. Weight gain
17. Photosensitivity
Contra-indications of Prochlorperazine
1.Hypersensitivity to Prochlorperazine and other Phenothiazines
2.Comatose
3.Blood dyscrasias
4.Patient taking antidepressants
5.During pediatric surgery
6.Alcoholics
Special Precautions while taking Prochlorperazine
1. Renal impairment
2. Hepatic impairment
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Pheochromocytoma
5. Parkinsons disease
6. Epilepsy
7. Glaucoma
8. Prostatic hyperplasia
9. Patient exposed to extreme heat
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated

Children Related Information
Use with caution
Below 2 years : Contraindicated
Indications for Prochlorperazine
1. Antiemetic
2. Treatment of vertigo
3. Psychoses
4. Migraine
5. Anxiety
Interactions for Prochlorperazine
Alcohol: CNS depression, extrapyramidal reactions.
Aluminium salts: Decrease efficacy. Antacids should be given 1hour before or 2 hours after prochlorperazine.
Anticholinergics: Decrease efficacy and increase the anticholinergic side-effects of prochlorperazine.
Barbiturates: Decrease efficacy.
Barbiturate anaesthetics: Increase frequency and severity of neuromuscular excitation and hypotension.
Bromocriptine: Efficacy decreased by prochlorperazine.
Charcoal: Prevents absorption of prochlorperazine.
Lithium: Disoreintation, unconsciousness and extrapyramidal symptoms.
Meperidine: Excessive sedation and hypotension.
TCAs: Serum concentration increased by prochlorperazine.
Propranolol: Increased plasma levels of both drugs.
MAOIs: Additive orthostatic hypotensive effect.
Lab tests: Pregnancy tests: False positive results.
Plasma bound iodine (PBI): Increase in PBI occurs.
Typical Dosage for Prochlorperazine
Adult:
Psychoses, Nausea, Vomiting, Migraine and Vertigo15 - 30 mg / day in 3 divided doses
Anxiety: 15 - 20 mg / day in 3 or 4 divided doses
Children: 5 - 10 mg / day in 2 divided doses
Maximum daily dose: 20 mg / day
Schedule of Prochlorperazine
H
Storage Requirements for Prochlorperazine
The drug should be kept at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Prochlorperazine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose.
Effects of Overdose of Prochlorperazine
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Gastric lavage has to be done. Activated charcoal can be given to reduce the absorption of the drug. Hypotension can be treated with IV fluids, seizure with Diazepam or Barbiturates, arrhythmia with Phenytoin and extra pyramidal reactions with Benztropine.

Home Delivery for Prochlorperazine in Your City

Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including prochlorperazine.

However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for prochlorperazine and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for prochlorperazine may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take prochlorperazine only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for prochlorperazine before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for prochlorperazine with the pharmacy.

Prochlorperazine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for prochlorperazine might be better known than prochlorperazine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have prochlorperazine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for prochlorperazine.