Ketorolac Pharmacology

Ketorolac

About Ketorolac
NSAID, heterocyclic acetic acid derivative, Analgesic,antipyretic,antiinflammatory.
Mechanism of Action of Ketorolac
This Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug`s peripheral analgesics action is by the reduction of the prostaglandin synthesis which mediates many of the inflammatory changes and fever at that time. Prostaglandin synthesis is reduced due to its cyclo oxygenase inhibition. At higher concentration it reduce production of super oxide radicals, induce apoptosis, inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules, decrease nitric oxide synthase , reduce pro inflammatory cytokines, modify lymphocyte activity, and alter cellular membrane functions.
Pharmacokinets of Ketorolac
Absorption-Absorbed rapidly after oral, i.v. and i.m. administration.
Distribution- Widely distributed in the body. 99% bound to the plasma proteins.
Metabolism- It is metabolized in liver by glucucoronidation.
Excretion-90% is excreted through urine and rest in feces. The rate of elimination is reduced in the elderly and in patients with renal failure.
Onset of Action for Ketorolac
For I.V. there is rapid onset of action
In the case of I.M. it takes 10 minutes
After oral administration it takes ? to 1 hr
Duration of Action for Ketorolac
6 to 8 hrs
Half Life of Ketorolac
5 - 7 hrs
Side Effects of Ketorolac
1. Nausea
2. Drowsiness
3. Dizziness
4. Headache
5. Syncope
6. Transient scalp tingling
7. Orthostatic hypotension
8. Ventricular arrhythmias
9. Nasal stuffiness
10. Broncho spasm
11. Vomiting
12. Diarrhea
13. Muscle spasm
14. Toxic myopathy
15. Dry mouth
16. Ulcer
17. Gastric irritation
18. Oedema
19. Dry mouth
Contra-indications of Ketorolac
1. Hypersensitivity to this drug
2. Peptic ulcer
3. As a prophylactic analgesic before surgery; pregnancy and lactation
5. In elderly patient there is usually hepatic or renal dysfunction
6. Coagulation disorder
Special Precautions while taking Ketorolac
1. Hepatic dysfunction
2. Renal dysfunction and in to be used with caution
3. GI disease
4. Bleeding disorders
5. Patients with hypersensitivity to other Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Ketorolac
1. It is used to severe and moderate pain frequently in post operative and acute musculoskeletal pain
2. For routine obstetrics analgesia
3. For renal colic, migraine and pain due to bony metastasis
4. Migraine
5. Acute gout
Interactions for Ketorolac
Anticoagulants: May prolong prothrombin time.
Beta blockers: Antihypertensive effect may be impaired.
Cyclosporine: Nephrotoxicity of both agents may be increased.
Lithium: Serum lithium levels may be increased resulting in toxicity.
Hydantoins: Serum hydantoins levels resulting in increased efficacy and toxic effects.
Methotrexate: Risk of methotrexate toxicity (stomatitis, bone marrow suppression, nephrotoxicity) increased.
Aspirin: Plasma concentration of ketorolac may be decreased and may increase the incidence of GI effects.
Typical Dosage for Ketorolac
For Injection-
Adults-Initially 60mg i.m. or 30mg i.v. as a single dose, or 30 mg i.m or i.v. every 6 hrs. In the case of renal impaired patient, initially 30mg i.m .or 15mg i.v. as a single doses or multiple doses of 15mg i.m. or i.v.every 6 hrs.
For oral-
Adults- 20mg as a single dose followed by 10mg every 4 to 6 hrs. In the case of renal impaired patients 10mg as a single dose, followed by 10mg every 4 to 6 hrs.
Schedule of Ketorolac
H
Storage Requirements for Ketorolac
Store at controlled room temperature.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ketorolac
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Ketorolac
Take more fluids to dilute the over dosage. Give symptomatic and supportive treatment.

Home Delivery for Ketorolac in Your City

Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including ketorolac.

However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for ketorolac and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for ketorolac may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take ketorolac only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for ketorolac before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for ketorolac with the pharmacy.

Ketorolac is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for ketorolac might be better known than ketorolac itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have ketorolac in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for ketorolac.