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- Pharmacology For Mefenamic acid + Paracetamol
Mefenamic acid + Paracetamol Pharmacology
Mefenamic acid + Paracetamol
About Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/AMechanism of Action of Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/APharmacokinets of Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/AOnset of Action for Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/ADuration of Action for Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/AHalf Life of Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/ASide Effects of Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/AContra-indications of Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/AInteractions for Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/ATypical Dosage for Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/ASchedule of Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/AStorage Requirements for Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/AEffects of Overdose of Mefenamic acid + ParacetamolN/AMefenamic Acid
About Mefenamic AcidNSAID, Analgesic,antiinflammatory.Mechanism of Action of Mefenamic AcidMefenamic acid has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic action. It acts by inhibiting Prostaglandin (PGs) synthesis and their release at the site of injury. Prostaglandins cause tenderness and amplify the action of other analgesics. Mefenamic acid inhibits cyclo-oxygenase enzyme and antagonizes prostaglandin actions.Pharmacokinets of Mefenamic AcidAbsorption: Mefenamic acid is well absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is distributed in the body in protein bound form. Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver. Excretion: Mefenamic acid and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine.Onset of Action for Mefenamic Acid1-2 hours.Duration of Action for Mefenamic Acid6 hours.Half Life of Mefenamic Acid2-4 hours.Side Effects of Mefenamic Acid1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Anorexia
4.Diarrhoea
5.Gastrointestinal bleeding
6.Abdominal distress
7.Constipation
8.Peptic ulcer
9.Dyspepsia
10.Headache
11.Flatulence
12.Drowsiness
13.Insomnia
14.Agranulocytosis
15.Aplastic anaemia
16.Thrombocytopenia
17.Dizziness
18.Rash
Contra-indications of Mefenamic Acid1.Hypersensitivity to Mefenamic acid and other NSAIDs
2.Inflammatory bowel disease
3.Peptic ulcer
Special Precautions while taking Mefenamic Acid1.Hepatic impairment
2.Renal impairment
3.Hypertension
4.Gastrointestinal diseases
5.Pre existing asthma
6.Patient on anticoagulant therapy
7.Heart failure
8.Myocardial infarction
9.StrokePregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationBelow 14 years: contraindicated
NEONATES: used only to close the patent ductus arteriosus as IV form only
Indications for Mefenamic Acid1.Muscular aches
2.Primary Dysmenorrhoea
3.Headaches
4.Acute gout
5.Dental pain
6.Patent ductus arteriosus
Interactions for Mefenamic AcidN/ATypical Dosage for Mefenamic AcidAdult: initial dose: 500 mg followed by 250 mg every 6 hours. Treatment is continued maximum up to 1 week.
Children above 14 years:
500 mg followed by 250 mg every 6 hours. Treatment is continued maximum up to 1 week.
Children below 14 years: not recommended.
Schedule of Mefenamic AcidHStorage Requirements for Mefenamic AcidStore Mefenamic acid at room temperature in a tightly closed light resistant container.Effects of Missed Dosage of Mefenamic AcidTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of Mefenamic AcidGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal.
Paracetamol
About ParacetamolAcetanilide derivative, Non narcotic Analgesic,Antipyretic.Mechanism of Action of ParacetamolParacetamol has analgesic and antipyretic action.
It is more active on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in brain. Peripherally it is a poor inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis.
Analgesic action: Paracetamol raises the pain threshold and produces analgesic effect.
Antipyretic action: Paracetamol lowers fever by direct action on the thermoregulatory centre in the Hypothalamus and block the effects of endogenous pyrogen.
Pharmacokinets of ParacetamolAbsorption: Paracetamol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed mostly in the body in unbound form.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted in the urine.
Onset of Action for Paracetamol30 - 60 minutesDuration of Action for Paracetamol6 hoursHalf Life of Paracetamol1-4 hoursSide Effects of Paracetamol1. Nausea
2. Abdominal distress
3. Allergic reactions
4. Rash
Contra-indications of Paracetamol1. Hypersensitivity to ParacetamolSpecial Precautions while taking Paracetamol1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. Hypertension
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Paracetamol1. To relieve pain and fever
2. Acute gout
3. Migraine
Interactions for ParacetamolCholestyramine: Reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Charcoal: Activated, administered immediately reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Domperidone and metochlopramide: Enhance absorption of paracetamol.
Alcohol: Chronic excessive ingestion of alcohol potentiates hepatotoxicity of paracetamol.
Zidovudine: Effects zidovudine may be decreased.Typical Dosage for ParacetamolAdult:
500 - 1000 mg in 3 times daily
Maximum dose: 4 g / day
For migraine: 500 mg to be taken at the first sign of migraine attack and repeated 4 - 6 hourly until suppress mild attacks.
Children:
60 mg / kg body weight /day in 4 divided doses.
Schedule of ParacetamolHStorage Requirements for ParacetamolStore at 15-30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of ParacetamolTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of ParacetamolGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. N-acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for Paracetamol poisoning. Dose: 150 mg /kg body weight as IV infusion over 15 minutes followed by same dose over 20 hours.
Maintenance dose: 75 mg / kg orally every 4 - 6 hours for 2 - 3 days. Haemodialysis can be done in emergency conditions.
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