Magaldrate + Metoclopramide Pharmacology

Magaldrate + Metoclopramide

About Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Mechanism of Action of Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Pharmacokinets of Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Onset of Action for Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Duration of Action for Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Half Life of Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Side Effects of Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Contra-indications of Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Special Precautions while taking Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Interactions for Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Typical Dosage for Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Schedule of Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Storage Requirements for Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Effects of Overdose of Magaldrate + Metoclopramide
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Magaldrate

About Magaldrate
Chemical complex of aluminum and magnesium hydroxides, Antacid.
Mechanism of Action of Magaldrate
This neutralizes the gastric acid and increases the gastric pH. This reduces the direct acid irritant effect. It also enhances mucosal barrier integrity and improves gastroesophageal sphincter tone.
Pharmacokinets of Magaldrate
Absorption- Moderately absorbed after oral administration. Distribution- It is distributed through locally. Excretion- Excreted through feces and a small amount through breast milk.
Onset of Action for Magaldrate
20minutes
Duration of Action for Magaldrate
20 to 180 minutes
Half Life of Magaldrate
N/A
Side Effects of Magaldrate
1. Constipation
2. Diarrhea
3. Increased urine pH
4. Decreased serum potassium levels
5. Increased serum calcium levels
Contra-indications of Magaldrate
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug or any ingredients of it
2. Renal impairment or diseases
3. Hypophosphatemia
Special Precautions while taking Magaldrate
1.Take this medicine between meals and at bedtime.
2.Shake the oral liquid well before each use.
3.Chew the chewable tablet before swallowing.
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Magaldrate
1. Peptic ulcer
2. Gastritis
3. Reflux oesophagitis
4. Gastric hyperacidity
Interactions for Magaldrate
N/A
Typical Dosage for Magaldrate
Oral-
Adults-
Suspension: 5 to 10 ml between meals and at bedtime with water
Schedule of Magaldrate
N/A
Storage Requirements for Magaldrate
Store at room temperature (15 - 25 degree C). Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Magaldrate
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Magaldrate
Give symptomatic and supportive treatment.

Metoclopramide

About Metoclopramide
It is a dopamine antagonist - antiemetic gastroprokinetic agent.
Mechanism of Action of Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide acts through both serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors. Metoclopramide binds to Serotonin (5 HT3 &5HT4) and Dopamine (D2) receptor.
Antiemetic action: Metoclopramide inhibits Dopamine receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and produces antiemetic action.
Intestinal motility modifying action: The binding of Metoclopramide on 5HT4 receptor will activate interneuron and enhance the release of acetylcholine innervating the smooth muscles. This produces gastric emptying and enhances lower esophageal sphincter tone.
Migraine: Metoclopramide is used in migraine to relieve nausea and vomiting
Anaesthetic adjuncts: It is used preoperatively in order to reduce the post operative vomiting.
Pharmacokinets of Metoclopramide
Absorption: Metoclopramide is rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is extensively distributed to tissues and fluids, brain.
Metabolism: Only a small amount undergoes hepatic metabolism. Excretion: It is excreted mainly in urine and faeces.
Onset of Action for Metoclopramide
Oral: ? - 1 hour.
IM: 10 - 15 minutes
IV: 1 - 3 minutes
Duration of Action for Metoclopramide
1-2 hours.
Half Life of Metoclopramide
3 - 6 hour.
Side Effects of Metoclopramide
1.Drowsiness
2.Confusion
3.Constipation
4.Muscle spasm
5.Tremor
6.Bronchospasm
7.Bradycardia
8.Fatigue
9.Headache
10.Dizziness
11.Nervousness
12.Sedation
13.Nausea
14.Rash
Contra-indications of Metoclopramide
1.Hypersensitivity to Metoclopramide
2.Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
3.Mechanical obstruction
4.Pheochromocytoma
5.Epilepsy
6.Parkinsonism
7.Pyloric stenosis
8.Previous history of dystonia
Special Precautions while taking Metoclopramide
1. Hypertension
2. Depression
3. Renal impairment
4. Hepatic impairment
5. Use with caution while driving vehicles, operating machines and people involving any other dangerous activities
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Metoclopramide
1. Nausea and vomiting (except motion sickness)
a)associated with various gastrointestinal disorders and migraine
b) Nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
c) Post operative nausea and vomiting
2. Treatment of delayed gastric motility
3. Gastroesophageal reflux
4. Diagnostic procedure in gastroenterology

Interactions for Metoclopramide
Anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics: Effects on GI motility are antagonised by these drugs.
Alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, narcotics or tranquilizers: Additive sedative effect may occur.
Digoxin, Cimetidine: Absorption of these drugs decreased.
Acetaminophen, Aspirin: The absorption of these agents increased.
Phenothiazines, Butyrophenone, Lithium and Thioxanthine drugs: May potentiate extrapyramidal effects.
Bromocriptine: Antagonism of hypoprolactinaemic effect of bromocryptine.
Cyclosporine: May lead to increased cyclosporine absorption, possibly increasing immunosupressive and toxic effect.
Succinylcholine: Metoclopramide may increase the neuromuscular blocking effects of succinylcholine.
Typical Dosage for Metoclopramide
Adult:
ORAL: 15 - 30 mg / day in 3 divided doses.
Treatment of delayed gastric motility: 10 mg to be taken 30 minutes before each meal and at bed time for3 months. Drug is given depending upon the symptom being treated and clinical response.
Gastroesophageal reflux: 10 - 15 mg 4 times a day, drug to be taken half an hour before each meal and at bed time.
INJECTION:
Post operative nausea and vomiting: 10 - 20 mg IM at the end of surgical procedure and repeat the dose every 4 - 6 hours if needed
Nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy: 2 - 4 mg / kg as IV infusion over 15 - 30 minutes.
Maintenance dose: 3 - 5 mg / kg given over 8 hours
Maximum dose: 10 mg / kg / day.
Children:
ORAL: 0.4 mg / kg / day in 4 divided doses.
Schedule of Metoclopramide
H
Storage Requirements for Metoclopramide
Store at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Metoclopramide
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose

Effects of Overdose of Metoclopramide
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Extrapyramidal effects may be controlled by administration of antimuscarinic or antiparkinsonian agents or antihistamine with antimuscarinic activity

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