Ranitidine + Ondansetron Pharmacology

Ranitidine + Ondansetron

About Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Mechanism of Action of Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Pharmacokinets of Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Onset of Action for Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Duration of Action for Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Half Life of Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Side Effects of Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Contra-indications of Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Special Precautions while taking Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Interactions for Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Typical Dosage for Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Schedule of Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Storage Requirements for Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Effects of Overdose of Ranitidine + Ondansetron
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Ranitidine

About Ranitidine
A histamine H2-receptor antagonist, Furan derivative, Anti-secretory G.I agent,Anti ulcer.
Mechanism of Action of Ranitidine
Ranitidine is a H2 (Histamine) receptor antagonist. Histamine is the most potent stimulus of acid secretion and acts as the common mediator. H2 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor. It induces adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to cyclic AMP. This cyclic AMP acts on proton pump and exchange extracellular potassium ion for intracellular hydrogen ion across the parietal cell membrane. Ranitidine reversibly competes with Histamine for binding to H2 receptors on the parietal cells and predominantly inhibits basal acid secretion.
Anaesthetic adjuncts: It is used in patients undergoing prolonged operations, caesarian section,obese patients those are at increased risk of gastric regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia. It raises pH of gastric juice and also reduces its volume and thus chances of regurgitation. It is now routinely used before prolonged surgery.
Pharmacokinets of Ranitidine
Absorption: Ranitidine is 50 % absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: Distributed mainly to body tissues in unbound form. Metabolism: Ranitidine undergoes metabolism in the liver. Excretion: It is excreted mainly in urine and in the faeces.
Onset of Action for Ranitidine
60 minutes
Duration of Action for Ranitidine
13hours
Half Life of Ranitidine
1.6- 2.4 hours
Side Effects of Ranitidine
1. Headache
2. Dizziness
3. Constipation
4. Vertigo
5. Confusion
6. Rash
7. Blurred vision
8. Thrombocytopenia
9. Leukopenia
Contra-indications of Ranitidine
1. Hypersensitivity to Ranitidine
Special Precautions while taking Ranitidine
1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. Acute Porphyria
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: Contraindicated
Indications for Ranitidine
1. Duodenal ulcer
2. Benign gastric ulcer
3. Zollinger- Ellison syndrome
4. Gastroesophageal reflux
5. Acid indigestion
6. Heart burn
7. Sour stomach
8. Stress ulcers
9. Oesophagitis
10.Preanaesthetic medication
Interactions for Ranitidine
Antacids: Ranitidine absorption may be decreased.
Diazepam: Efficacy of diazepam decreased.
Procainamide: Renal clearance of procainamide decreased.
Sulfonylureas: Hypoglycemic effects of glipizide enhanced.
Theophyllines: Increased efficacy of theophyllines with possible toxicity.
Warfarin: Increased hypoprothrombinemic effects.
Lab tests: False positive tests for urine proteins with multistix may occur.
Typical Dosage for Ranitidine
Adult: 300mg / day
Duodenal ulcer, benign gastric ulcer: 300 mg /day as single dose at bed time or in 2 divided dose (morning and bed time) for minimum of 4 weeks.
Maintenance dose: 150 mg / day at bed time.
Zollinger- Ellison syndrome: 300 - 450 mg / day in 2 - 3 divided doses; dose can be increased if necessary to a maximum up to 6g / day .
Gastroesophageal reflux: 300 mg / day as single dose at bed time or in 2 divided doses (morning and bed time) for maximum 2 months. In severe conditions dose can be increased to 600 mg / day in 4 divided doses for 3 months
Acid indigestion, Heart burn, Sour stomach: Dose: 75 mg once daily to a maximum up to 150 mg / day.
Oesophagitis: 150 mg/ day.
Dyspepsia: 75 - 300 mg / day depending on the severity of disease.
PAM: 150mg given night and in the morning before surgical procedures.
Children:
Duodenal ulcer, benign gastric ulcer: 4 - 8 mg / kg body weight / day in 2 divided doses.
Maximum dose: 300 mg / day
Schedule of Ranitidine
H
Storage Requirements for Ranitidine
Store at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ranitidine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Ranitidine
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by inducing emesis and or by gastric lavage. Activated charcoal is given to reduce the absorption of the drug. Haemodialysis can be done if necessary.

Ondansetron

About Ondansetron
Selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, Imidazole derivative, Antiemetic.
Mechanism of Action of Ondansetron
Ondansetron is a selective 5HT3 receptor antagonist. 5HT3 receptors are present in vagal nerve terminals and chemoreceptor trigger zone of area postrema of the brain.
Cytotoxic chemotherapy is associated with release of Serotonin from Enterochromaffin cells in the small intestine. Serotonin triggers vomiting through 5HT3 vagal receptor that activates the vomiting reflex. Since Ondansetron is a 5HT3 receptor antagonist, it is indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated in chemotherapy.
Anaesthetic adjuncts: It is used preoperatively in order to reduce the post operative vomiting.

Pharmacokinets of Ondansetron
Absorption: Ondansetron is well absorbed after oral administration and the bioavailability is 50 - 60 %.
Distribution: It is distributed in protein bound form.
Metabolism: Ondansetron is extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: It is excreted mainly in urine.
Onset of Action for Ondansetron
With in 30 minutes
Duration of Action for Ondansetron
8 - 10 hours
Half Life of Ondansetron
4 - 6 hours
Side Effects of Ondansetron
1. Headache
2. Dizziness
3. Constipation
4. Musculoskeletal pain
5. Chills
6. Allergic reactions
7. Agitation
8. Chest pain
9. Malaise
10. Urinary retention
11. Elevation in hepatic enzymes
12. Hypotension

Contra-indications of Ondansetron
1. Hypersensitivity to Ondansetron
Special Precautions while taking Ondansetron
1. Hepatic impairment
2. Intestinal obstruction
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Below 6 months : Contraindicated
Indications for Ondansetron
1. Nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
2. Post operative nausea and vomiting
Interactions for Ondansetron
Inducers of hepatic cytochrome P450 drug metabolising enzymes: May change the clearance and hence the half-life of ondansetron, but on the basis of available data there is no need to adjust the dose of ondansetron.
Typical Dosage for Ondansetron
Adult:
Oral :
Nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy:8 mg should be given 1 - 2 hour before chemotherapy or radiotherapy and repeat the same dose after the procedure every 12 hours for 1 - 2 days.
Post operative nausea and vomiting: 16 mg should be given 1 hour before anesthesia or soon after operation
IV Injection :
Nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy: 0.15 mg / kg IV infusion over 15 minutes should be given half an hour before starting treatment and repeat the same dose 4th and 8th hour after first dose or a single dose of 32 mg IV infusion over 15 minutes should be given half an hour before starting the treatment.
Post operative nausea and vomiting: 4 mg IV should be given immediately before anesthesia or soon after operation
Children :
Oral :
Nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy:8 mg should be given 1 - 2 hour before chemotherapy or radiotherapy and repeat the same dose after the procedure every 12 hours for 1 - 2 days
Injection:
Nausea and vomiting associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy:0.15 mg / kg IV infusion over 15 minutes should be given half an hour before starting treatment and repeat the same dose 4th and 8th hour after first dose
Children below 2 years: 0.1 mg / kg body weight as IV infusion
Maximum dose: 4 mg



Schedule of Ondansetron
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Storage Requirements for Ondansetron
Store at room temperature. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ondansetron
If you missed a dose and do not feel nauseated then skip the missed dose and go back regular schedule.
If you missed a dose and feel nauseated then take the missed dose as soon as possible.
Effects of Overdose of Ondansetron
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

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