Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid Pharmacology

Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

About Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Mechanism of Action of Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Pharmacokinets of Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Onset of Action for Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Duration of Action for Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Half Life of Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Side Effects of Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Contra-indications of Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Special Precautions while taking Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

1.Calcium deficiency
2.Osteoporosis in males
3.Post-menopausal osteoporosis.
4.Rickets
5.Osteocalcaemia
6.Mineral supplement

Interactions for Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

N/A

Typical Dosage for Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

Adult: 1 capsule / day and if needed dose can be increased by 1 capsule every 2 week

Schedule of Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Storage Requirements for Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Effects of Overdose of Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid

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Calcium

About Calcium

Calcium is necessary for cardiac function, muscle contraction, nervous activity, coagulation of blood and for maintaining structural integrity of cell membranes.
Plasma concentration of calcium is kept in normal range by three endocrine factors which control metabolism of calcium. These are (a) Parathyroid hormone, (b) Calcitonin, (c) Vitamin D. Calcium in plasma is bound to albumin, is complexed with anions (e.g. phosphate) and as diffusible ionic calcium. The physiological effects are exerted by ionic calcium. The predominant source of calcium is dairy products and the daily intake varies from 200 - 2500 mg. Adequate calcium intake is particularly important during periods of bone growth in childhood and adolescence and during pregnancy and lactation.
Patients with advanced renal insufficiency exhibit phosphate retention and some degree of hyperphosphataemia. The retention of phosphate plays a pivotal role in causing secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with osteodystrophy and soft tissue calcification. Calcium acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate which is excreted in the faeces.
Deficiency signs and symptoms: Osteoporosis, pathological fractures, brittle nails and hair.

Mechanism of Action of Calcium

Calcium is essential for maintaining the functional integrity of nervous, muscular, and skeletal system. It controls excitability of nerves and muscles and regulates permeability of cell membrane. It also regulates cell adhesion and maintains integrity of cell membrane. Calcium acts as intracellular messenger for hormones, autacoids, and transmitters. It is required for excitation-contraction coupling in all types of muscle and excitation-secretion coupling in exocrine and endocrine glands. It is essential for release of transmitters from nerve endings and other release reactions. It is also essential for impulse generation in heart and determines level of automaticity and
A-V conduction. Calcium is also required for blood-coagulation.

Pharmacokinets of Calcium

Absorption: Actively absorbed from gastrointestinal tract in an ionized form; and vitamin D in it`s active form is required for calcium absorption, Distribution: Distributed mainly in to skeletal tissue (99%) and 1% is distributed equally between the intracellular and extra cellular fluid. CSF levels are about half of the serum calcium levels, Metabolism: Not significantly metabolized in the body, Excretion: Excreted mainly through faeces and a small amount is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Calcium

N/A

Duration of Action for Calcium

N/A

Half Life of Calcium

N/A

Side Effects of Calcium

1.Constipation
2.Bloating
3.Excess gas
4.Anorexia
5.Nausea
6.Vomiting
7.Abdominal pain
8.Thirst
9.Hypercalcaemia
10.Polyuria
11.Dry mouth
12.Delirium
13.Confusion

Contra-indications of Calcium

1.Renal calculi
2.Hypophosphataemia
3.Hypercalcaemia
4.Ventricular fibrillation.

Special Precautions while taking Calcium

1.Renal impairment
2.Cardiac diseases
3.Sarcoidosis
4.Cor pulmonale
5.Respiratory acidosis
6.Respiratory failure
7.End stage renal failure
8.Hypoparathyroid patients
9.Digitalized patients
10.Prolonged use of therapeutic amounts.

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

May be used

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Calcium

1.Hypocalcaemia
2.Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
3.Calcium deficiency during pregnancy and lactation
4.Rickets
5.Prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
6.Chronic renal failure.

Interactions for Calcium

N/A

Typical Dosage for Calcium

Oral: 500mg to 2g daily in two to four divided doses.
Hypocalcaemia:
Adults: 1g daily. Increases to 2g daily if required.
Prevention of osteoporosis: 1 to 1.5g daily.
Children: 45 to 65mg/kg daily.
Neonates: 50 to 150mg/kg and should not exceed 1g.

Schedule of Calcium

N/A

Storage Requirements for Calcium

Store in a well closed container in a cool and dry place. Protect from light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcium

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Calcium

Remove calcium from stomach by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Vitamin D3

About Vitamin D3

N/A

Mechanism of Action of Vitamin D3

Vitamin D3 is a form of vitamin D. It is also called as Cholecalciferol.7-Dehydrocholesterol is the precursor of vitamin D3 and only forms the vitamin after being exposed to UV radiation.After exposure to the sun, cholecalciferol is sent to the liver to be hydroxylated where it becomes 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3.Next, it is sent to the kidney and once again hydroxylated becoming 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D3. 1,25-Hydroxyvitmain D3 is the active form of vitamin D3, for this reason vitamin D is often referred to as a prohormone.Vitamin D exerts it`s action by influencing calcium homoeostasis. It increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. It binds to the cytoplasmic Vitamin D receptor and translocates to the nucleus and thus increases the synthesis of specific m RNA and regulates protein synthesis. It increases the synthesis of a carrier protein for calcium called "calbindin" or calcium binding protein. Activation of Vitamin D receptor enhances endocytotic capture of calcium and it`s transport across duodenal mucosal cells in a vesicular form. Vitamin D promotes resorption of calcium and phosphate from bone by enhancing recruitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursors in the bone remodeling units. It helps in bone mineralization.

Pharmacokinets of Vitamin D3

Absorption: Well absorbed orally in the presence of bile salts, Malabsorption and steatorrhoea interfere with it`s absorption.
Distribution: Widely distributed in a protein bound form. It is stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Metabolism: It is hydroxylated in to both active and inactive metabolites and also metabolized in kidney.
Excretion: Metabolites are excreted mainly through bile.

Onset of Action for Vitamin D3

N/A

Duration of Action for Vitamin D3

N/A

Half Life of Vitamin D3

N/A

Side Effects of Vitamin D3

1. Hypercalcaemia
2. Fatigue
3. Weakness
4. Diarrhoea
5. Vomiting
6. Sluggishness
7. Albuminuria
8. Polyuria
9. Calcification of soft tissues (blood vessels, parenchymal organs including heart)
10. Arrhythmias
11. Renal stones
12. Growh retardation in children
13. Hypertension
14. Anorexia
15. Nausea
16. Constipation
17. Elevated liver enzymes

Contra-indications of Vitamin D3

1. Hypercalcaemia
2. Hypervitaminosis D
3. Renal osteodystrophy with hyperphosphatemia
4. Renal impairment

Special Precautions while taking Vitamin D3

1. Renal diseases
2. Renal stones
3. Cardiac diseases
4. Arteriosclerosis
5. Coronary diseases

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Vitamin D3

1. Rickets and Osteomalacia
2. Hypoparathyroidism
3. Fanconi`s syndrome
4. Osteoporosis

Interactions for Vitamin D3

Antacids: Hypermagnesemia may develop in patients on renal dialysis who take magnesium containing antacids.
Digitalis glycosides: May precipitate cardiac arrhythmias due to hypercalcemia.
Verapamil: Atrial fibrillation may occur.
Cholestyramine: Intestinal absorption of Vitamin D may be reduced.
Mineral Oil: Prolonged use of mineral oil may result in reduced absoprtion of Vitamin D.
Phenytoin, Barbiturates: Half life of vitamin D may be reduced.
Thaizide diuretics: Hypoparathyroid patients on Vitamin D may develop hypercalcemia due to thiazide diuretics.

Typical Dosage for Vitamin D3

Oral:
Adults:
Nutritional Rickets and Osteomalacia: 25 to 125mcg daily in normal gastrointestinal absorption. In severe malabsorption; 250mcg to 7.5mg orally or 250mcg I.M.
Vitamin dependent Rickets: 250mcg to 1.5mg daily
Hypoparathyroidism: 625mcg to 5mg daily with calcium supplements
Fanconi`s syndrome: 1.25 to 5mg daily
Osteoporosis: 25 to 250mcg daily or 1.25mg once weekly with calcium and fluoride supplements.
Hypophosphatemia: 250mcg to 1.5mg along with phosphate supplements
Children:
Nutritional Rickets and Osteomalacia: 25 to 125mcg daily in normal gastrointestinal absorption. In severe malabsorption; 250mcg to 625mcg orally
Vitamin dependent Rickets: 75 to 125mcg daily.
Fanconi`s syndrome: 625mcg to 1.25mg daily
Hypophosphatemia: 1 to 2mg daily with phosphate supplements. Increase the dose in increments of 250 to 500mcg at intervals of 3 to 4months until desired therapeutic response is obtained.

Schedule of Vitamin D3

N/A

Storage Requirements for Vitamin D3

Store in a well closed container in a cool place. Protect from light and excess heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin D3

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vitamin D3

Provide supportive and symptomatic treatment. Stops the treatment and starting a low calcium diet. Increases the fluid intake and administer Loop diuretics like furosemide may be given with saline I.V. infusion to increase calcium excretion. Calcitonin may decrease hypercalcaemia.

Magnesium

About Magnesium

Magnesium is essential for enzyme activity, calcium and potassium uptake, nerve transmission, bone formation and metabolism of carbohydrates and minerals. It is magnesium, not calcium, which helps form hard tooth enamel, resistant to decay. Like calcium and chloride, magnesium also plays a role in regulating the acid-alkaline balance in the body. High magnesium levels in drinking water have been linked to resistance to heart disease. Although it is found in many foods, including dairy products, nuts, vegetables, fish, meat and seafood, deficiencies are common in America due to soil depletion, poor absorption and lack of minerals in drinking water. A diet high in carbohydrates, oxalic acid in foods like raw spinach and phytic acid found in whole grains can cause deficiencies. An excellent source of usable magnesium is beef, chicken or fish broth. High amounts of zinc and vitamin D increase magnesium requirements. Magnesium deficiency can result in coronary heart disease, chronic weight loss, obesity, fatigue, epilepsy and impaired brain function. Chocolate cravings are a sign of magnesium deficiency.

Mechanism of Action of Magnesium

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Pharmacokinets of Magnesium

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Onset of Action for Magnesium

N/A

Duration of Action for Magnesium

N/A

Half Life of Magnesium

N/A

Side Effects of Magnesium

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Contra-indications of Magnesium

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Special Precautions while taking Magnesium

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Pregnancy Related Information

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Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

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Children Related Information

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Indications for Magnesium

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Interactions for Magnesium

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Typical Dosage for Magnesium

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Schedule of Magnesium

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Storage Requirements for Magnesium

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Magnesium

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Effects of Overdose of Magnesium

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Manganese

About Manganese

Mechanism of Action of Manganese

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Pharmacokinets of Manganese

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Onset of Action for Manganese

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Duration of Action for Manganese

N/A

Half Life of Manganese

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Side Effects of Manganese

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Contra-indications of Manganese

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Special Precautions while taking Manganese

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Pregnancy Related Information

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Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

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Children Related Information

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Indications for Manganese

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Interactions for Manganese

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Typical Dosage for Manganese

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Schedule of Manganese

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Storage Requirements for Manganese

N/A

Effects of Missed Dosage of Manganese

N/A

Effects of Overdose of Manganese

N/A

Zinc

About Zinc

Trance metal, Dietary mineral, Nutritional supplement,Treatment of zinc deficiency,in wound healing.

Mechanism of Action of Zinc

Zinc acts as a cofactor for more than 70 different enzymes. Zinc dependent enzymes are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Zinc facilitates wound healing, normal growth rates, normal skin hydration and maintains senses of taste and smell. It provides normal growth and tissue repair. It also helps in development of cell mediated immunity.

Pharmacokinets of Zinc

Absorption: Poorly absorbed orally, Distribution: Zinc is distributed mainly in to skeletal muscle, skin, bone, pancreas, kidney, liver, retina, prostate, RBC, and WBC. Excretion: Excreted mainly through intestine; only 2% loss in the urine.

Onset of Action for Zinc

N/A

Duration of Action for Zinc

N/A

Half Life of Zinc

N/A

Side Effects of Zinc

1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Abdominal distress
4. Gastric ulceration
5. Rashes

Contra-indications of Zinc

N/A

Special Precautions while taking Zinc

1.Don`t exceed prescribed dose
2.Renal failure
3.Biliary obstruction

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

N/A

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Zinc

1. Zinc deficiency
2. Acne vulgaris
3. Chronic skin ulcers
4. Adjunct to antimicrobials
5. Delayed wound healing
6. Alopecia

Interactions for Zinc

Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines: Decreased GI absorption and serum levels of some fluoroquinolone.
Pencillamine: Reduced absorption of zinc.
Iron: Reduced absorption of iron and vice versa.

Typical Dosage for Zinc

Adults: 25 to 50mg zinc daily or 1 to 2 tablets daily.
Children: 5mg/kg 1 to 3 times daily.

Schedule of Zinc

N/A

Storage Requirements for Zinc

Store at a temperature below 30 degree C

Effects of Missed Dosage of Zinc

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Zinc

Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures

Copper

About Copper

Third most abundant essential trace mineral, A cofactor for many proteins, iron utilization enhancer, Copper deficiency.

Mechanism of Action of Copper

Copper is one of a relatively small group of metallic elements which are essential to human health. These elements, along with amino and fatty acids as well as vitamins, are required for normal metabolic processes.

Pharmacokinets of Copper

Absorption:It is orally well absorbed.

Onset of Action for Copper

N/A

Duration of Action for Copper

N/A

Half Life of Copper

N/A

Side Effects of Copper

1.Breathing problems
2.Chest pain
3.Skin hives
4.Rash
5.Swollen skin
6.Upset stomach

Contra-indications of Copper

Hypersensitivity to the drug

Special Precautions while taking Copper

1.Blood pressure
2.Heart or blood vessel disease

Pregnancy Related Information

use with caution

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

use with caution

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Copper

1. As a supplement for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, anemia, to enhance immunity, and to treat arthritis.

Interactions for Copper

N/A

Typical Dosage for Copper

As directed by the physician

Schedule of Copper

N/A

Storage Requirements for Copper

Store at 15 - 30 degree C. Protect from heat and light. Kept the container tightly closed after use. Keep out of the reach of children

Effects of Missed Dosage of Copper

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Copper

Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Vit B12

About Vit B12

N/A

Mechanism of Action of Vit B12

Vitamin B12 is an essential constituent for growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Vitamin B12 is converted in to coenzyme B12 in the tissues which is essential for conversion of methyl-malonate to succinate and synthesis of methionine from homocystine. It is also associated with fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Cells characterized by rapid division such as epithelial cells, bone marrow, and myeloid cells appear to have greatest requirement of Cyanocobalamin.

Pharmacokinets of Vit B12

Absorption: Absorbed irregularly after oral administration and absorption depends on Ca and intrinsic factor. It is also administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly.
Distribution: Distributed in to liver, bone marrow, and other tissues. It crosses the placenta and appears in breast milk.
Metabolism: It is metabolized in liver.
Excretion: In normal dosage it is reabsorbed from bile and a minute portion is excreted through urine but the extra drug is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Vit B12

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B12

N/A

Half Life of Vit B12

N/A

Side Effects of Vit B12

1. Anaphylaxis
2. Anaphylactoid reactions
3. Pain and burning sensation at injection site
4. Itching
5. Urticaria
6. Transient diarrhea
7. Peripheral vascular thrombosis
8. Pulmonary oedema

Contra-indications of Vit B12

1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Leber`s disease

Special Precautions while taking Vit B12

1. Anemic patients with coexisting cardiac, pulmonary and hypertensive diseases.

Pregnancy Related Information

May be used

Old Age Related Information

May be used

Breast Feeding Related Information

May be used

Children Related Information

Use with caution
NEONATES : Use with caution

Indications for Vit B12

1. Vitamin B12 deficiency
2. Pernicious Anaemia
3. Peripheral neuropathy (diabetic, alcoholic, and drug induced)

Interactions for Vit B12

N/A

Typical Dosage for Vit B12

I.M., S.C.:
Pernicious Anaemia: 100mcg daily for 1 week followed by the same dose given on alternate days for 7 doses and then every 3 to 4days for another 3 weeks. This regimen should be followed by 100mcg monthly for life. Concurrently administer folic acid if required.
Vitamin B12 deficiency other than pernicious Anaemia: 30mcg daily for 5 to 10days depending up on the severity of the condition.
Maintenance dosage: 100 to 200mcg once monthly.
Children: 100mcg I.M. or S.C. over the course of 2 or more weeks.
Maintenance dosage: 60mcg monthly I.M. or S.C.
Schilling test flushing dose:
Adults and Children: 1000mcg I.M. in single dose
Recommended RDA (recommended dietary allowance) for Vitamin B12:
Infants up to 6months of age: 0.3mcg.
Children age 6 months to 1 year: 0.5mcg.
Children age 1 to 3: 0.7mcg.
Children age 4 to 6: 1mcg.
Children age 7 to 10: 1.4mcg.
Children age 11 to adult: 2mcg..
Pregnant women: 2.2mcg.
Breast feeding women: 2.6mcg.

Schedule of Vit B12

Storage Requirements for Vit B12

Store at room temperature range of 15 to 30 degree C.in a light resistant well closed container in a dry place.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B12

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vit B12

Not applicable. Even in large doses Vitamin B12 isn`t usually toxic.

Vit B6

About Vit B6

Physiological functions: It is involved as a coenzyme (Pyridoxal phosphate) in metabolism of tryptophan, in several metabolic transformations of amino acids including transamination, decarboxylation & racemization.
Deficiency symptoms: Peripheral neuritis, seizures, stomatitis, glossitis, anaemia, seborrhea like lesions.

Mechanism of Action of Vit B6

Vitamin B6 is a collective term for Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated derivatives such as Pyridoxine phosphate, Pyridoxal phosphate and Pyridoxamine derivatives respectively. Vitamin B6 is essential for the metabolism of amino acid, glycogen and fatty acids, for nerve functions, for the formation of red blood cells and also helps the skin healthy. Vitamin B6 is also used for the synthesis of nucleic acid, Haemoglobin, Sphingomyelin, other Sphingolipids, Serotonin, Dopamine, Noradrenaline and GABA.

Pharmacokinets of Vit B6

Absorption: Vitamin B6 is readily absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is mainly distributed in the body in protein bound form. It is stored primarily in the liver and to a lesser extent muscle and brain.
Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver

Onset of Action for Vit B6

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B6

N/A

Half Life of Vit B6

15-20 days

Side Effects of Vit B6

1. Neuropathy
2. Unstable gait
3. Drowsiness
4. Perioral numbness
5. Paresthesia
6. Numbness of feet
7. Somnolence
8. Sensory neuropathy
9. Ataxia

Contra-indications of Vit B6

1. Hypersensitivity to Vitamin B6

Special Precautions while taking Vit B6

N/A

Pregnancy Related Information

May be used

Old Age Related Information

May be used

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution
NEONATES: Contraindicated

Indications for Vit B6

1. Vitamin B6 deficiency including inadequate diet and drug induced causes
2. Neuropathy
3. Premenstrual syndrome
4. Hyperoxaluria type 1
5. Metabolic disorder
6. Isoniazid poisoning

Interactions for Vit B6

Cycloserine, Hydralazine, Isoniazide, Oral contraceptive, Penicillamine: Increase Pyridoxine requirement.
Levodopa: Pyridoxine reverses the therapeutic effect of Levodopa.
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin: Pyridoxine decreases serum level of these anticonvulsants.

Typical Dosage for Vit B6

Adult: 10 - 20 mg / day
Dietary deficiency: 2.5 -10 mg / day for effective therapeutic response is obtained.
Maintenance dose: 2 - 5 mg / day for several weeks.
Drug induced deficiency: 100 - 200 mg / day for 3 weeks.
Maintenance dose: 25 - 100 mg / day
Neuropathy: 50 - 200 mg /day
Premenstrual syndrome: 40 - 500 mg / day
Hyperoxaluria type 1: 25 - 300 mg / day
Metabolic disorder: 100-500 mg /day.
Isoniazid poisoning: Initial dose: 1 - 4 g as IV administration, then 1 g IM every 30 minute until Pyridoxine dose is equal to the Isoniazid dose has been given.

Schedule of Vit B6

N/A

Storage Requirements for Vit B6

Store it at 15 - 30 degree C. Protect from moisture and heat.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B6

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vit B6

Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. The signs of Pyridoxine overdose can be resolved by discontinuation (withdrawal) of Pyridoxine.

Folic Acid

About Folic Acid

Dietary supplement, Folate derivative( B9 ), Water Soluble Vitamin.

Mechanism of Action of Folic Acid

Folic acid reduced by enzymes folate reductase and dihydrofolate reductase and forms dihydrofolic acid tetrahydrofolic acid respectively. Tetrahydrofolic acid acts as a coenzyme which mediates a number of one carbon transfer reactions by carrying a methyl group as an adduct. It involves a number of reactions such as 1).conversion of homocysteine to methionine. 2).synthesis of thymidylate which is an essential constituent of DNA from methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 3). Conversion of serine to glycine by tetrahydrofolic acid and forms methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 4).to introduce carbon units at position 2 and 8 during de novo purine synthesis requires formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid and methenyl-tetrahydrofolic acid.5).generation and utilization of "formate pool". 6).For mediating formino group transfer in histidine metabolism. Folic acid is required to maintain normal erythropoiesis and nucleoprotein synthesis.

Pharmacokinets of Folic Acid

Absorption: Well absorbed orally
Distribution: Widely distributed in the body and highest concentration is seen in liver. It appears in the CSF and breast milk
Metabolism: Metabolized in to N-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid in liver
Excretion: Extra drug is excreted unchanged in urine. A small portion of folate is lost by a combination of urinary and fecal excretion and oxidative cleavage of molecule.

Onset of Action for Folic Acid

Oral: 20 to 30minutes
I.V.: 5 minutes
I.M.:10 to 20minutes

Duration of Action for Folic Acid

Oral: 3 to 6 hours
I.V.:3 to 6minutes
I.M.:3 to 6hours

Half Life of Folic Acid

N/A

Side Effects of Folic Acid

N/A

Contra-indications of Folic Acid

N/A

Special Precautions while taking Folic Acid

1. In patients with undiagnosed anaemia; because it may mask pernicious anaemia
2. In pernicious anaemia and other megaloblastic where vitamin B12 is deficient

Pregnancy Related Information

May be used

Old Age Related Information

May be used

Breast Feeding Related Information

May be used

Children Related Information

May be used

Indications for Folic Acid

1. Megaloblastic anaemia
2. Folic acid deficiency
3. Anaemias of pregnancy
4. Nutritional anaemia
5. Alcoholism
6. Tropical sprue
7. Non tropical sprue

Interactions for Folic Acid

1. Hypersensitivity reactions with injection form
2. Bronchospasm

Typical Dosage for Folic Acid

Oral: 5mg 1 to 4 times daily; depending up on the severity of deficiency.
Maintenance dosage: Half of the therapeutic dosage.
Children: 2.5 to 5mg 1 to 2 times daily.

Schedule of Folic Acid

C1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)

Storage Requirements for Folic Acid

Store at controlled room temperature at a range of 15 to 25 degree C in a well closed container. Protect from excess heat, light and moisture.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Folic Acid

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Folic Acid

Relatively non toxic. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Home Delivery for Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid in Your City

Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid.

However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid with the pharmacy.

Calcium + Vitamin D3 + Magnesium + Manganese + Zinc + Copper + Vit B12 + Vit B6 + Folic acid is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid might be better known than calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for calcium + vitamin d3 + magnesium + manganese + zinc + copper + vit b12 + vit b6 + folic acid.