Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate Pharmacology

Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

About Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Mechanism of Action of Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Pharmacokinets of Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Onset of Action for Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Duration of Action for Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Half Life of Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Side Effects of Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Contra-indications of Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Special Precautions while taking Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

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Indications for Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

1.Post-menopausal osteoporosis.
2.Rickets
3.Osteocalcaemia
4.Osteoporosis in males

Interactions for Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Typical Dosage for Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

Adult: 1 capsule / day and if needed dose can be increased by 1 capsule every 2 week

Schedule of Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Storage Requirements for Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Effects of Overdose of Calcium + Calcitriol + Zinc + Magnesium + Sodium Borate

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Calcium

About Calcium

Calcium is necessary for cardiac function, muscle contraction, nervous activity, coagulation of blood and for maintaining structural integrity of cell membranes.
Plasma concentration of calcium is kept in normal range by three endocrine factors which control metabolism of calcium. These are (a) Parathyroid hormone, (b) Calcitonin, (c) Vitamin D. Calcium in plasma is bound to albumin, is complexed with anions (e.g. phosphate) and as diffusible ionic calcium. The physiological effects are exerted by ionic calcium. The predominant source of calcium is dairy products and the daily intake varies from 200 - 2500 mg. Adequate calcium intake is particularly important during periods of bone growth in childhood and adolescence and during pregnancy and lactation.
Patients with advanced renal insufficiency exhibit phosphate retention and some degree of hyperphosphataemia. The retention of phosphate plays a pivotal role in causing secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with osteodystrophy and soft tissue calcification. Calcium acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate which is excreted in the faeces.
Deficiency signs and symptoms: Osteoporosis, pathological fractures, brittle nails and hair.

Mechanism of Action of Calcium

Calcium is essential for maintaining the functional integrity of nervous, muscular, and skeletal system. It controls excitability of nerves and muscles and regulates permeability of cell membrane. It also regulates cell adhesion and maintains integrity of cell membrane. Calcium acts as intracellular messenger for hormones, autacoids, and transmitters. It is required for excitation-contraction coupling in all types of muscle and excitation-secretion coupling in exocrine and endocrine glands. It is essential for release of transmitters from nerve endings and other release reactions. It is also essential for impulse generation in heart and determines level of automaticity and
A-V conduction. Calcium is also required for blood-coagulation.

Pharmacokinets of Calcium

Absorption: Actively absorbed from gastrointestinal tract in an ionized form; and vitamin D in it`s active form is required for calcium absorption, Distribution: Distributed mainly in to skeletal tissue (99%) and 1% is distributed equally between the intracellular and extra cellular fluid. CSF levels are about half of the serum calcium levels, Metabolism: Not significantly metabolized in the body, Excretion: Excreted mainly through faeces and a small amount is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Calcium

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Duration of Action for Calcium

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Half Life of Calcium

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Side Effects of Calcium

1.Constipation
2.Bloating
3.Excess gas
4.Anorexia
5.Nausea
6.Vomiting
7.Abdominal pain
8.Thirst
9.Hypercalcaemia
10.Polyuria
11.Dry mouth
12.Delirium
13.Confusion

Contra-indications of Calcium

1.Renal calculi
2.Hypophosphataemia
3.Hypercalcaemia
4.Ventricular fibrillation.

Special Precautions while taking Calcium

1.Renal impairment
2.Cardiac diseases
3.Sarcoidosis
4.Cor pulmonale
5.Respiratory acidosis
6.Respiratory failure
7.End stage renal failure
8.Hypoparathyroid patients
9.Digitalized patients
10.Prolonged use of therapeutic amounts.

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

May be used

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Calcium

1.Hypocalcaemia
2.Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
3.Calcium deficiency during pregnancy and lactation
4.Rickets
5.Prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
6.Chronic renal failure.

Interactions for Calcium

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Typical Dosage for Calcium

Oral: 500mg to 2g daily in two to four divided doses.
Hypocalcaemia:
Adults: 1g daily. Increases to 2g daily if required.
Prevention of osteoporosis: 1 to 1.5g daily.
Children: 45 to 65mg/kg daily.
Neonates: 50 to 150mg/kg and should not exceed 1g.

Schedule of Calcium

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Storage Requirements for Calcium

Store in a well closed container in a cool and dry place. Protect from light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcium

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Calcium

Remove calcium from stomach by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Calcitriol

About Calcitriol

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Mechanism of Action of Calcitriol

Calcitriol is a 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or a Vitamin D analogue. It increases the absorption of Calcium from intestine by forming a calcium binding protein. It reverses the signs of rickets and osteomalacia.

Pharmacokinets of Calcitriol

Absorption: It is readily absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is widely distributed in protein bound form. Metabolism: It undergoes metabolism in the liver and kidney. Excretion: It is excreted mainly in the faeces.

Onset of Action for Calcitriol

2 - 6 hours

Duration of Action for Calcitriol

3 - 5 days

Half Life of Calcitriol

3 - 8 hours

Side Effects of Calcitriol

1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Constipation
4. Headache
5. Somnolence
6. Weakness
7. Hypertension
8. Bone and muscle pain
9. Pruritus
10. Weight loss
11. Polyuria
12. Metallic taste
13. Anorexia
14. Dry mouth

Contra-indications of Calcitriol

1. Hypercalcaemia
2. Metastatic calcification
3. Plasma phosphorus level greater than 6 mg/dl

Special Precautions while taking Calcitriol

1.Liver impairment
2.Renal impairment
3.Monitor plasma calcium and creatinine in patients receiving high doses

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Calcitriol

1.Management of Hypocalcaemia
2.Management of hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism

Interactions for Calcitriol

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Typical Dosage for Calcitriol

Adult:
Oral:
Management of hypocalcaemia:0.25mcg/day.Dosage can be increased by 0.25mcg/day at 1 - 2 month interval.Maintenance dose:0.25 - 1 mcg/ day.
Management of hypoparathyroidism and psedohypothyroidism:0.25mcg/day in the morning and dosage can be incresed at 2 - 4 week intervals.Maintenance dose: 0.5 - 2 mcg/day
Children:above 6 years:same as adult dose
Children 1 - 5 years: 0.25 - 0.75mcg/day

Schedule of Calcitriol

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Storage Requirements for Calcitriol

Store in a well closed container.Protect from heat,light and moisture.Keep out of the reach of children.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcitriol

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Do not double the dose.Continue the regular schedule.

Effects of Overdose of Calcitriol

Give supportive mesures and symptomatic treatment.

Zinc

About Zinc

Trance metal, Dietary mineral, Nutritional supplement,Treatment of zinc deficiency,in wound healing.

Mechanism of Action of Zinc

Zinc acts as a cofactor for more than 70 different enzymes. Zinc dependent enzymes are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Zinc facilitates wound healing, normal growth rates, normal skin hydration and maintains senses of taste and smell. It provides normal growth and tissue repair. It also helps in development of cell mediated immunity.

Pharmacokinets of Zinc

Absorption: Poorly absorbed orally, Distribution: Zinc is distributed mainly in to skeletal muscle, skin, bone, pancreas, kidney, liver, retina, prostate, RBC, and WBC. Excretion: Excreted mainly through intestine; only 2% loss in the urine.

Onset of Action for Zinc

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Duration of Action for Zinc

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Half Life of Zinc

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Side Effects of Zinc

1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Abdominal distress
4. Gastric ulceration
5. Rashes

Contra-indications of Zinc

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Special Precautions while taking Zinc

1.Don`t exceed prescribed dose
2.Renal failure
3.Biliary obstruction

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

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Children Related Information

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Indications for Zinc

1. Zinc deficiency
2. Acne vulgaris
3. Chronic skin ulcers
4. Adjunct to antimicrobials
5. Delayed wound healing
6. Alopecia

Interactions for Zinc

Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines: Decreased GI absorption and serum levels of some fluoroquinolone.
Pencillamine: Reduced absorption of zinc.
Iron: Reduced absorption of iron and vice versa.

Typical Dosage for Zinc

Adults: 25 to 50mg zinc daily or 1 to 2 tablets daily.
Children: 5mg/kg 1 to 3 times daily.

Schedule of Zinc

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Storage Requirements for Zinc

Store at a temperature below 30 degree C

Effects of Missed Dosage of Zinc

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Zinc

Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures

Magnesium

About Magnesium

Magnesium is essential for enzyme activity, calcium and potassium uptake, nerve transmission, bone formation and metabolism of carbohydrates and minerals. It is magnesium, not calcium, which helps form hard tooth enamel, resistant to decay. Like calcium and chloride, magnesium also plays a role in regulating the acid-alkaline balance in the body. High magnesium levels in drinking water have been linked to resistance to heart disease. Although it is found in many foods, including dairy products, nuts, vegetables, fish, meat and seafood, deficiencies are common in America due to soil depletion, poor absorption and lack of minerals in drinking water. A diet high in carbohydrates, oxalic acid in foods like raw spinach and phytic acid found in whole grains can cause deficiencies. An excellent source of usable magnesium is beef, chicken or fish broth. High amounts of zinc and vitamin D increase magnesium requirements. Magnesium deficiency can result in coronary heart disease, chronic weight loss, obesity, fatigue, epilepsy and impaired brain function. Chocolate cravings are a sign of magnesium deficiency.

Mechanism of Action of Magnesium

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Pharmacokinets of Magnesium

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Onset of Action for Magnesium

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Duration of Action for Magnesium

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Half Life of Magnesium

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Side Effects of Magnesium

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Contra-indications of Magnesium

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Special Precautions while taking Magnesium

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Pregnancy Related Information

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Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

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Children Related Information

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Indications for Magnesium

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Interactions for Magnesium

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Typical Dosage for Magnesium

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Schedule of Magnesium

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Storage Requirements for Magnesium

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Magnesium

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Effects of Overdose of Magnesium

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Sodium borate

About Sodium borate

Boron compound, Cleaning product, mild antiseptic.

Mechanism of Action of Sodium borate

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Pharmacokinets of Sodium borate

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Onset of Action for Sodium borate

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Duration of Action for Sodium borate

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Half Life of Sodium borate

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Side Effects of Sodium borate

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Contra-indications of Sodium borate

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Special Precautions while taking Sodium borate

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Pregnancy Related Information

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Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

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Children Related Information

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Indications for Sodium borate

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Interactions for Sodium borate

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Typical Dosage for Sodium borate

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Schedule of Sodium borate

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Storage Requirements for Sodium borate

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Sodium borate

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Effects of Overdose of Sodium borate

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