Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium Pharmacology

Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

About Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Mechanism of Action of Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Pharmacokinets of Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Onset of Action for Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Duration of Action for Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Half Life of Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Side Effects of Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Contra-indications of Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Special Precautions while taking Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

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Indications for Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

1.Osteoporosis
2.Osteomalacia
3.Hypoparathyroidism
4.Rickets

Interactions for Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Typical Dosage for Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

2 capsule / day

Schedule of Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Storage Requirements for Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Effects of Overdose of Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium

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Calcium

About Calcium

Calcium is necessary for cardiac function, muscle contraction, nervous activity, coagulation of blood and for maintaining structural integrity of cell membranes.
Plasma concentration of calcium is kept in normal range by three endocrine factors which control metabolism of calcium. These are (a) Parathyroid hormone, (b) Calcitonin, (c) Vitamin D. Calcium in plasma is bound to albumin, is complexed with anions (e.g. phosphate) and as diffusible ionic calcium. The physiological effects are exerted by ionic calcium. The predominant source of calcium is dairy products and the daily intake varies from 200 - 2500 mg. Adequate calcium intake is particularly important during periods of bone growth in childhood and adolescence and during pregnancy and lactation.
Patients with advanced renal insufficiency exhibit phosphate retention and some degree of hyperphosphataemia. The retention of phosphate plays a pivotal role in causing secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with osteodystrophy and soft tissue calcification. Calcium acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate which is excreted in the faeces.
Deficiency signs and symptoms: Osteoporosis, pathological fractures, brittle nails and hair.

Mechanism of Action of Calcium

Calcium is essential for maintaining the functional integrity of nervous, muscular, and skeletal system. It controls excitability of nerves and muscles and regulates permeability of cell membrane. It also regulates cell adhesion and maintains integrity of cell membrane. Calcium acts as intracellular messenger for hormones, autacoids, and transmitters. It is required for excitation-contraction coupling in all types of muscle and excitation-secretion coupling in exocrine and endocrine glands. It is essential for release of transmitters from nerve endings and other release reactions. It is also essential for impulse generation in heart and determines level of automaticity and
A-V conduction. Calcium is also required for blood-coagulation.

Pharmacokinets of Calcium

Absorption: Actively absorbed from gastrointestinal tract in an ionized form; and vitamin D in it`s active form is required for calcium absorption, Distribution: Distributed mainly in to skeletal tissue (99%) and 1% is distributed equally between the intracellular and extra cellular fluid. CSF levels are about half of the serum calcium levels, Metabolism: Not significantly metabolized in the body, Excretion: Excreted mainly through faeces and a small amount is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Calcium

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Duration of Action for Calcium

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Half Life of Calcium

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Side Effects of Calcium

1.Constipation
2.Bloating
3.Excess gas
4.Anorexia
5.Nausea
6.Vomiting
7.Abdominal pain
8.Thirst
9.Hypercalcaemia
10.Polyuria
11.Dry mouth
12.Delirium
13.Confusion

Contra-indications of Calcium

1.Renal calculi
2.Hypophosphataemia
3.Hypercalcaemia
4.Ventricular fibrillation.

Special Precautions while taking Calcium

1.Renal impairment
2.Cardiac diseases
3.Sarcoidosis
4.Cor pulmonale
5.Respiratory acidosis
6.Respiratory failure
7.End stage renal failure
8.Hypoparathyroid patients
9.Digitalized patients
10.Prolonged use of therapeutic amounts.

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

May be used

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Calcium

1.Hypocalcaemia
2.Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
3.Calcium deficiency during pregnancy and lactation
4.Rickets
5.Prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
6.Chronic renal failure.

Interactions for Calcium

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Typical Dosage for Calcium

Oral: 500mg to 2g daily in two to four divided doses.
Hypocalcaemia:
Adults: 1g daily. Increases to 2g daily if required.
Prevention of osteoporosis: 1 to 1.5g daily.
Children: 45 to 65mg/kg daily.
Neonates: 50 to 150mg/kg and should not exceed 1g.

Schedule of Calcium

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Storage Requirements for Calcium

Store in a well closed container in a cool and dry place. Protect from light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcium

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Calcium

Remove calcium from stomach by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Alfacalcidol

About Alfacalcidol

Nutritional supplement,Vitamin D derivative, Antihypoparathyroid, Antihypocalcemic.

Mechanism of Action of Alfacalcidol

Alfacalcidol is a prodrug of Vitamin D and is rapidly hydroxylated in the liver in to calcitriol. Vitamin D exerts it`s action by influencing calcium homoeostasis. It increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. It binds to the cytoplasmic Vitamin D receptor and translocates to the nucleus and thus increases the synthesis of specific m RNA and regulates protein synthesis. It increases the synthesis of a carrier protein for calcium called "calbindin" or calcium binding protein. Activation of Vitamin D receptor enhances endocytotic capture of calcium and it`s transport across duodenal mucosal cells in a vesicular form. Vitamin D promotes resorption of calcium and phosphate from bone by enhancing recruitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursors in the bone remodeling units. It helps in bone mineralization.

Pharmacokinets of Alfacalcidol

Absorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in a protein bound form. It is stored in adipose tissue and liver. Metabolism: It is hydroxylated in to calcitriol in liver. Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile.

Onset of Action for Alfacalcidol

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Duration of Action for Alfacalcidol

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Half Life of Alfacalcidol

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Side Effects of Alfacalcidol

1.Hypercalcaemia
2.Fatigue
3.Weakness
4.Diarrhoea
5.Vomiting
6.Sluggishness
7.Albuminuria
8.Polyuria
9.Calcification of soft tissues (blood vessels, parenchymal organs including heart)
10.Renal stones
11.Growh retardation in children
12.Hypertension
13.Anorexia
14.Nausea
15.Constipation
16.Hyperphosphataemia.

Contra-indications of Alfacalcidol

1.Hypercalcaemia
2.Hypervitaminosis D
3.Hyperphosphataemia (except when occurring with hypoparathyroidism
4.Hypermagnesaemia.

Special Precautions while taking Alfacalcidol

1 Renal impairment
2.Hypercalciurea
3.Renal stones
4.Coronary diseases.

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Alfacalcidol

1.Rickets and Osteomalacia
2.Hypoparathyroidism with bone disease
3.Renal osteodystrophy
4.Osteoporosis

Interactions for Alfacalcidol

Digitallis preparations: Cardiac arrhythmias precipitated.
Thiazide Diuretics: Hypercalcaemic response enhanced.
Barbiturates & other enzyme inducing anticonvulsants: Reduce efficacy.
Minteral Oil: Prolonged use reduces efficacy.
Cholestyramine, Cholestipol, Sucralfate, Aluminium based Antacids: Reduced efficacy by decreasing absorption of alfacalcidol.
Magnesium based Antacids or Laxatives: Hypermagnesaemia in those on chronic renal dialysis.

Typical Dosage for Alfacalcidol

Oral:
Starts with 1mcg daily. Adjusted based on patients response to 2mcg daily if required.
Children over 20kg: Starts with 1mcg daily. Adjusted based on patient`s response.
Children under 20kg: 0.5mcg daily or 0.05mcg/kg/day

Schedule of Alfacalcidol

Storage Requirements for Alfacalcidol

Store in a well closed container in a cool place. Protect from light and excess heat. Keep out of reach of children.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Alfacalcidol

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Alfacalcidol

Provide supportive and symptomatic treatment. Stops the treatment and starting a low calcium diet. Increases the fluid intake and administer Loop diuretics like furosemide may be given with saline I.V. infusion to increase calcium excretion. Calcitonin may decrease hypercalcaemia.

Phosphorus

About Phosphorus

Essential nutritional element , Mineral.

Mechanism of Action of Phosphorus

The second most abundant mineral in the body, phosphorus is needed for bone growth, kidney function and cell growth. It also plays a role in maintaining the body`s acid-alkaline balance. Phosphorus is found in many foods, but in order to be properly utilized, it must be in proper balance with magnesium and calcium in the blood. Excessive levels of phosphorus in the blood, often due to the consumption of soft drinks containing phosphoric acid, can lead to calcium loss and to cravings for sugar and alcohol; too little phosphorus inhibits calcium absorption and can lead to osteoporosis. Best sources are animal products, whole grains, legumes and nuts.

Pharmacokinets of Phosphorus

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Onset of Action for Phosphorus

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Duration of Action for Phosphorus

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Half Life of Phosphorus

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Side Effects of Phosphorus

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Contra-indications of Phosphorus

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Special Precautions while taking Phosphorus

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Pregnancy Related Information

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Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

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Children Related Information

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Indications for Phosphorus

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Interactions for Phosphorus

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Typical Dosage for Phosphorus

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Schedule of Phosphorus

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Storage Requirements for Phosphorus

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Phosphorus

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Effects of Overdose of Phosphorus

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Magnesium

About Magnesium

Magnesium is essential for enzyme activity, calcium and potassium uptake, nerve transmission, bone formation and metabolism of carbohydrates and minerals. It is magnesium, not calcium, which helps form hard tooth enamel, resistant to decay. Like calcium and chloride, magnesium also plays a role in regulating the acid-alkaline balance in the body. High magnesium levels in drinking water have been linked to resistance to heart disease. Although it is found in many foods, including dairy products, nuts, vegetables, fish, meat and seafood, deficiencies are common in America due to soil depletion, poor absorption and lack of minerals in drinking water. A diet high in carbohydrates, oxalic acid in foods like raw spinach and phytic acid found in whole grains can cause deficiencies. An excellent source of usable magnesium is beef, chicken or fish broth. High amounts of zinc and vitamin D increase magnesium requirements. Magnesium deficiency can result in coronary heart disease, chronic weight loss, obesity, fatigue, epilepsy and impaired brain function. Chocolate cravings are a sign of magnesium deficiency.

Mechanism of Action of Magnesium

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Pharmacokinets of Magnesium

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Onset of Action for Magnesium

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Duration of Action for Magnesium

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Half Life of Magnesium

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Side Effects of Magnesium

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Contra-indications of Magnesium

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Special Precautions while taking Magnesium

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Pregnancy Related Information

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Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

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Children Related Information

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Indications for Magnesium

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Interactions for Magnesium

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Typical Dosage for Magnesium

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Schedule of Magnesium

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Storage Requirements for Magnesium

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Magnesium

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Effects of Overdose of Magnesium

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Home Delivery for Calcium + Alfacalcidol + Phosphorus + Magnesium in Your City

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