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- Pharmacology For Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + Caffeine
Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + Caffeine Pharmacology
Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + Caffeine
About Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/AMechanism of Action of Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/APharmacokinets of Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/AOnset of Action for Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/ADuration of Action for Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/AHalf Life of Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/ASide Effects of Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/AContra-indications of Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/AInteractions for Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/ATypical Dosage for Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/ASchedule of Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/AStorage Requirements for Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/AEffects of Overdose of Phenylpropanolamine + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + CaffeineN/APhenylpropanolamine
About PhenylpropanolamineAlfa-and Beta-adrenergic agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, a stimulant, decongestant,anorectic.Mechanism of Action of PhenylpropanolamineIt is a mixed acting sympathomimetic amine with predominant alpha adrenergic agonistic action. It exerts nasal decongestant action by acting through alpha adrenergic receptors in the respiratory tract mucosa; and produces vasoconstriction. It temporarily reduces the swelling associated with inflammation of nasal mucosa.
Phenylpropanolamine also suppresses the appetite control center in the hypothalamus
Pharmacokinets of PhenylpropanolamineAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, Metabolism: Metabolized in to an active metabolite in liver, Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine.Onset of Action for Phenylpropanolamine15 to 30 minutesDuration of Action for Phenylpropanolamine3 hoursHalf Life of PhenylpropanolamineN/ASide Effects of Phenylpropanolamine1. Hypertension
2. Stroke
3. Arrhythmias
4. Renal failure
5. Rhabdomyolysis
6. Psychotic disturbances
7. Hallucinations
8. SeizuresContra-indications of Phenylpropanolamine1. Hypersensitivity to Phenylpropanolamine or other sympathomimetics
2. Coronary artery disease
3. Hypertension
4. Arteriosclerosis
5. Depression
6. Angle-closure glaucoma
7. Diabetes
8. Renal impairment
9. Hyperthyroidism
10. During or within 14 days of use of MAO inhibitors
11. Use as an anorexiant for children less than 12 years of age
12. Sustained-release forms during lactation and in children less than 12 years of age
Special Precautions while taking Phenylpropanolamine1. Cardiovascular disorders
2. Mild Hypertension
3. Prostatic hypertrophy
4. Psychosis or other psychiatric disorders (Phenylpropanolamine may precipitate psychiatric disorders)
5. Not drinking large amounts of caffeine-containing beverages, such as coffee, tea, or colas
6. Do not engage in driving, using machines, or doing anything else that requires mental alertness while taking medication
7. Inform the physician if cold symptoms do not improve within 7 days or if fever is present
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Phenylpropanolamine1. Nasal congestion
Interactions for PhenylpropanolamineN/ATypical Dosage for PhenylpropanolamineOral:
Adults:
As decongestant: 25mg every four hours or 50mg every 8 hours daily. Not to exceed 150mg/day
Anorexiant: 25mg thrice daily; 30minutes before meals.
Extended release tablets or capsules:As decongestant: 75mg twice daily
Anorexiant: 75mg once daily in the morning.
As decongestant:
Children (6 to 12 years): 12.5mg up to every four hours. Not to exceed 75mg/day
Children (2 to 6years): 6.25mg up to every four hours. Not to exceed 37.5mg/day
Schedule of PhenylpropanolamineHStorage Requirements for PhenylpropanolamineStore at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C.; in a well closed container. Protect from light.Effects of Missed Dosage of PhenylpropanolamineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of PhenylpropanolamineProvide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.Remove drug from the body by induced emesis or gastric lavage. Barbiturate sedatives are sometimes used to control excessive CNS stimulation. Monitor Cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Administer intravenous fluids to control hypotension. Correct hypertension with Intravenous phentolamine or nitrates. Perform forced diuresis by acidification of urine.
Chlorpheniramine Maleate
About Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/AMechanism of Action of Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/APharmacokinets of Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/AOnset of Action for Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/ADuration of Action for Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/AHalf Life of Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/ASide Effects of Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/AContra-indications of Chlorpheniramine MaleateFirst Generation alkylamine H1 Antagonist, Antihistamine.Special Precautions while taking Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/AInteractions for Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/ATypical Dosage for Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/ASchedule of Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/AStorage Requirements for Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/AEffects of Overdose of Chlorpheniramine MaleateN/ACaffeine
About CaffeineXanthine alkaloid, Central stimulant and metabolic stimulant.Mechanism of Action of CaffeineBecause caffeine is both water-soluble and lipid-soluble, it readily crosses the blood?brain barrier .Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced "pounding" of the heart upon caffeine intake.Pharmacokinets of Caffeine1.Absorption:Readily absorbed after oral or parenteral administration, C max is 5 to 25 mcg/mL; T max is 15 to 120 min.
2.Distribution:Widely distributed,Protein binding Low (25 to 36%).
3.Metabolism:Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2
4.Elimination: Renal;In young infants, the elimination of caffeine is much slower than that in adults due to immature hepatic and/or renal function.
Onset of Action for CaffeineN/ADuration of Action for CaffeineN/AHalf Life of Caffeine3 to 7 hours in adults, 65 to 130 hours in neonatesSide Effects of Caffeine1.Insomnia
2.Nervousness or anxiety
3.Irritability
4.Nausea
5.Headache
Contra-indications of Caffeine1.Hyper sensitivity
2.Caffeine and sodium benzoate solution in pediatrics.
Special Precautions while taking Caffeine1.Heart disease
2.Kidney disease
3.Liver disease
4.Stomach problems (e.g., peptic ulcers, necrotizing enterocolitis)
5.Seizures.
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationMay be usedBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationNot recommended uder 12years of ageIndications for Caffeine1.Orthostatic hypotension
2.Short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants
3.Fatigue and drowsiness
4.Analgesia
5.Respiratory depression.
Interactions for Caffeine1.Aspirin, clozapine, theophylline :Plasma levels of these agents may be elevated by caffeine, increasing their pharmacologic effects and adverse reactions.
2.Cimetidine, disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, mexiletine, oral contraceptives :May increase caffeine levels, enhancing the effects.
3.Lithium :Plasma levels may be reduced by caffeine, decreasing the pharmacologic effect.
4.Phenytoin, smoking :May decrease caffeine levels.
Typical Dosage for Caffeine1.Fatigue/Drowsiness :Oral:100 to 200 mg every 3 to 4 h as needed.
2.Apnea of Prematurity
Preterm infants Loading dose: (caffeine citrate) IV 20 mg/kg (1?mL/kg) over 30 min once.
Maintenance dose: (caffeine citrate) IV (over 10?min) or PO 5 mg/kg (0.25 mL/kg) every 24?h.
Schedule of CaffeineN/AStorage Requirements for CaffeineStore caffeine at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of CaffeineN/AEffects of Overdose of Caffeine1.Get immediate medical attention
2.Symptoms of overdose may include agitation; anxiety; confusion; frequent urination; irregular or fast heartbeat; muscle twitching; ringing in the ears; seizures; stomach pain; trouble sleeping.
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