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- Pharmacology For Cetirizine + Phenylephrine
Cetirizine + Phenylephrine Pharmacology
Cetirizine + Phenylephrine
About Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AMechanism of Action of Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/APharmacokinets of Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AOnset of Action for Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ADuration of Action for Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AHalf Life of Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ASide Effects of Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AContra-indications of Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicated; since Cetrizine is contraindicated in pregnancy; the combination generic are contraindicated in pregnancy.Old Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicated; since Cetrizine is contraindicated in breast feeding; the combination generic are contraindicated in breast feeding mother.Children Related InformationN/AIndications for Cetirizine + PhenylephrineIt is a combination of Non sedative antihistamine with Decongestant action, Cetrizine and decongestant Phenylephrine.
1.Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis
2.Decongestant
Interactions for Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ATypical Dosage for Cetirizine + PhenylephrineAdult: 1 tablet / day.Schedule of Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AStorage Requirements for Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AEffects of Overdose of Cetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ACetirizine
About CetirizineSecond Generation H1 Antagonist, Metabolite of hydroxyzine, Antihistamine.Mechanism of Action of CetirizineThis drug is a selective peripheral H1 receptor antagonist. Thus it inhibits the allergic symptoms produced by histamines like cold, rhinorrhea, sneezing, urticaria etc. The drug has some mast cell stabilizing properties. It also inhibit eotaxin-induced eosinophil TEM through both dermal and lung micro vascular endothelial cells. So inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis and also inflammation caused by it.Pharmacokinets of CetirizineAbsorption- Well absorbed after oral administration
Distribution-Widely distributed in the body. 93% bound to the plasma proteins. It enters to the CNS in small amounts.
Metabolism-Metabolized in the liver to its metabolites by oxidative O-dealkylation
Excretion- Excreted through urine (50% as unchanged form) and a small amount through feces
Onset of Action for Cetirizine10-30 minDuration of Action for Cetirizine12-24hrsHalf Life of CetirizineIts plasma half life is 8.3 hrsSide Effects of Cetirizine1. Somnolence.
2. Fatigue
3. Malaise
4. Headache
5. Dry mouth
6. CNS stimulation in children
7. Dizziness
8. Tinnitus
9. Incordination
10. Blurred vision
12. Diplopia
13. Euphoria
14. Nervousness
15. Drowsiness
16. Excessive tiredness
17. Vomiting
18. Diarrhea
19. Sore throat
20. Stomach pain
Contra-indications of CetirizineHypersensitivity to the drug or hydroxyzine.Special Precautions while taking Cetirizine1. Renal impairment.
2. Hepatic dysfunction.
3. Haemodialysis.
4. Any work which require mental alertness like driving or machine operation.
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Cetirizine1. Sneezing
2. Rhinorrhoea
3. Postnasal discharge.
4. Common coughs
5. Colds.
6. Chronic urticaria
7. Dermatitis
8. Pruritic skin disorders
9. Hay fever
10. Angioedema
Interactions for CetirizineAlcohol: Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.Typical Dosage for CetirizineOral-
Adult - 10 mg daily, single dose
Children (6-12 years) -5 mg daily.
Schedule of CetirizineN/AStorage Requirements for CetirizineStore in cool, dry, dark placeEffects of Missed Dosage of CetirizineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of CetirizineGive symptomatic and supportive treatment.Phenylephrine
About PhenylephrineAn a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, Decongestant, Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic.Mechanism of Action of PhenylephrineThe drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It causes vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It exerts nasal decongestant action; by vasoconstrictory action on arterioles of nasal mucosa. It prolongs and localizes the action of anaesthetics due to it`s vasoconstrictory action on skin, mucous membrane, and viscera and thus slows the rate of absorption of local anaesthetics.Pharmacokinets of PhenylephrineAbsorption: Variable depending up on the route of administration. Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver and intestine.Onset of Action for PhenylephrineNasal: Rapid
Ophthalmic: Rapid
I.V.: Rapid
I.M.: Within 15 minutes
Duration of Action for PhenylephrineNasal: ? to 4 hours
Ophthalmic: 3 to 7 hours
I.V.: 15 to 20 minutes
I.M.: ? to 2 hours.
Half Life of PhenylephrineN/ASide Effects of Phenylephrine1.Bradycardia
2.Arrhythmias
3.Hypertension
4.Tachycardia
5.Palpitations
6.Premature ventricular contractions
7.Pallor
8.Headache
9.Dizziness
10.Nervousness
11.Brow ache(with ophthalmic form)
12.Burning or stinging in eye
13.Blurred vision
14.Elevated intraocular pressure
15.Nausea
16.Episodes of asthma
17.Tachyphylaxis
18.Anaphylaxis
Contra-indications of Phenylephrine1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hyperthyroidism
3.Ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension (Injected form)
4.Angle closure glaucoma and in those who wear soft contact lenses(ophthalmic form)
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine1.Coronary diseases
2.Advanced arteriosclerosis
3.Bradycardia
4.Partial heart block
5.Myocardial diseases
6.Atherosclerosis
7.Hypertension
8.Nasal and ophthalmic form use cautiously in type-1 diabetes mellitus
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
Below age 6:contraindicatedIndications for Phenylephrine1.Hypotension
2.Paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
3.Maintain blood pressure during spinal and inhalation anaesthesia
4.Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia
5.Shock
6.Mydriasis(without cycloplegia)
7.Nasal congestion.
8.Cataract
Interactions for PhenylephrineMay interact with systemically administered MAOIs.Typical Dosage for PhenylephrineI.M. or S.C.: 2 to 5mg. Then if required; give doses up to 10mg.
Slow I.V. injection: 0.1 to 0.5mg. Then if required; repeat after 15 minutes.
I.V. infusion: Starts with 0.18mg/minute. Then adjust the dosage up to 0.03 to 0.06mg/minute based on patient`s response.
Nasal congestion: Apply 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays of 0.25% to 1% solution instilled in each nostril.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia: 2 to 5mg added to anaesthetic solution.
Schedule of PhenylephrineN/AStorage Requirements for PhenylephrineStore at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.Effects of Missed Dosage of PhenylephrineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of PhenylephrineDiscontinue the drug and give supportive and symptomatic treatment. Closely monitor vital signs. Use atropine sulfate to block reflex Bradycardia. Treat excessive hypertension with phentolamine. Treat cardiac arrhythmia with propranolol. Treat excessive mydriatic effect with levodopa.
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