Melatonin + Vit B6 Pharmacology

Melatonin + Vit B6

About Melatonin + Vit B6
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Melatonin + Vit B6
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Pharmacokinets of Melatonin + Vit B6
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Onset of Action for Melatonin + Vit B6
N/A
Duration of Action for Melatonin + Vit B6
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Half Life of Melatonin + Vit B6
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Side Effects of Melatonin + Vit B6
N/A
Contra-indications of Melatonin + Vit B6
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Special Precautions while taking Melatonin + Vit B6
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
N/A
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
N/A
Children Related Information
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Indications for Melatonin + Vit B6
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Interactions for Melatonin + Vit B6
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Typical Dosage for Melatonin + Vit B6
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Schedule of Melatonin + Vit B6
N/A
Storage Requirements for Melatonin + Vit B6
N/A
Effects of Missed Dosage of Melatonin + Vit B6
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Melatonin + Vit B6
N/A

Melatonin

About Melatonin
A naturally occurring hormone from pineal gland, In Sleep Disorders, dietary supplement.
Mechanism of Action of Melatonin
Melatonin is the hormone secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin synthesis displays circadian rhythm. The rhythm is generalised by a circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Light signals enter through a direct retinal pathway to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and this SCN sends circadian signals over a neural pathway to the pineal gland and regulate the synthesis of Melatonin. Synthesis and release of Melatonin are stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light. Melatonin receptor ML1 belongs to G-protein coupled receptors. Melatonin binds to this receptor and inhibit adenylate cyclase enzyme. Melatonin affect sleep pattern. Because of its possible role in influencing circadian rhythm, melatonin has been tried in the alleviation of jet lag and other disorders resulting from delay of sleep. This action is responsible for the management of insomnia
Pharmacokinets of Melatonin
Absorption: It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver. Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine.
Onset of Action for Melatonin
N/A
Duration of Action for Melatonin
30 minutes
Half Life of Melatonin
45 - 60 minutes
Side Effects of Melatonin
1.Gastric upset
2.Hangover effect
3.Headache
4.Lethargy
5.Amnesia
6.Drowsiness
7.Hypothermia
8.Increased prolactin level
9.Decreased Luteinizing level
Contra-indications of Melatonin
1.Cardiovascular disorder
2.Mental illness
3.Allergies
4.Autoimmune disease
5.Steroid taking patients
6.Immunosuppression
7.Epilepsy
8.Alcoholics
Special Precautions while taking Melatonin
Use with caution while driving vehicle or operate machines or involved in any hazardous activities because Melatonin cause drowsiness.
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated.
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated.
Children Related Information
Contraindicated
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Melatonin
Insomnia-abolishes symptom of jet-lag
Interactions for Melatonin
N/A
Typical Dosage for Melatonin
3 mg / day; the drug should be taken at night.
Schedule of Melatonin
N/A
Storage Requirements for Melatonin
Store at room temperature in a tightly closed container.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Melatonin
Do not apply.
Effects of Overdose of Melatonin
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Vit B6

About Vit B6
Physiological functions: It is involved as a coenzyme (Pyridoxal phosphate) in metabolism of tryptophan, in several metabolic transformations of amino acids including transamination, decarboxylation & racemization.
Deficiency symptoms: Peripheral neuritis, seizures, stomatitis, glossitis, anaemia, seborrhea like lesions.
Mechanism of Action of Vit B6
Vitamin B6 is a collective term for Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated derivatives such as Pyridoxine phosphate, Pyridoxal phosphate and Pyridoxamine derivatives respectively. Vitamin B6 is essential for the metabolism of amino acid, glycogen and fatty acids, for nerve functions, for the formation of red blood cells and also helps the skin healthy. Vitamin B6 is also used for the synthesis of nucleic acid, Haemoglobin, Sphingomyelin, other Sphingolipids, Serotonin, Dopamine, Noradrenaline and GABA.
Pharmacokinets of Vit B6
Absorption: Vitamin B6 is readily absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is mainly distributed in the body in protein bound form. It is stored primarily in the liver and to a lesser extent muscle and brain.
Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver
Onset of Action for Vit B6
N/A
Duration of Action for Vit B6
N/A
Half Life of Vit B6
15-20 days
Side Effects of Vit B6
1. Neuropathy
2. Unstable gait
3. Drowsiness
4. Perioral numbness
5. Paresthesia
6. Numbness of feet
7. Somnolence
8. Sensory neuropathy
9. Ataxia
Contra-indications of Vit B6
1. Hypersensitivity to Vitamin B6
Special Precautions while taking Vit B6
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: Contraindicated
Indications for Vit B6
1. Vitamin B6 deficiency including inadequate diet and drug induced causes
2. Neuropathy
3. Premenstrual syndrome
4. Hyperoxaluria type 1
5. Metabolic disorder
6. Isoniazid poisoning
Interactions for Vit B6
Cycloserine, Hydralazine, Isoniazide, Oral contraceptive, Penicillamine: Increase Pyridoxine requirement.
Levodopa: Pyridoxine reverses the therapeutic effect of Levodopa.
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin: Pyridoxine decreases serum level of these anticonvulsants.
Typical Dosage for Vit B6
Adult: 10 - 20 mg / day
Dietary deficiency: 2.5 -10 mg / day for effective therapeutic response is obtained.
Maintenance dose: 2 - 5 mg / day for several weeks.
Drug induced deficiency: 100 - 200 mg / day for 3 weeks.
Maintenance dose: 25 - 100 mg / day
Neuropathy: 50 - 200 mg /day
Premenstrual syndrome: 40 - 500 mg / day
Hyperoxaluria type 1: 25 - 300 mg / day
Metabolic disorder: 100-500 mg /day.
Isoniazid poisoning: Initial dose: 1 - 4 g as IV administration, then 1 g IM every 30 minute until Pyridoxine dose is equal to the Isoniazid dose has been given.
Schedule of Vit B6
N/A
Storage Requirements for Vit B6
Store it at 15 - 30 degree C. Protect from moisture and heat.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B6
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vit B6
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. The signs of Pyridoxine overdose can be resolved by discontinuation (withdrawal) of Pyridoxine.

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