Atenolol + Nitrendipine Pharmacology

Atenolol + Nitrendipine

About Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Pharmacokinets of Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Onset of Action for Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Duration of Action for Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Half Life of Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Side Effects of Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Contra-indications of Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated; since Atenolol is contraindicated in pregnancy
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated; since Atenolol and Nitrendipine are contraindicated in lactation
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Atenolol + Nitrendipine
1. Mild to moderate hypertension not manageable with individual drugs.
Interactions for Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Typical Dosage for Atenolol + Nitrendipine
Adult: 1tablet / day
Atenolol 50mg + Nitrendipine 10mg or
Atenolol 50mg + Nitrendipine 20mg
Schedule of Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Effects of Missed Dosage of Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Atenolol + Nitrendipine
N/A

Atenolol

About Atenolol
Cardioselective Beta(Beta1 )-adrenergic blocking agent, Antihypertensive,anti anginal.
Mechanism of Action of Atenolol
Atenolol is a cardio selective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist. It has negative chronotropic and negative inotropic effects on heart. It decreases oxygen consumption; cardiac work and aortic pressure. It decreases nor adrenaline and renin releases. It decreases central sympathetic out flow In sympathetic over activity, it prolongs systole by retarding conduction. It increases oxygen supply and exercise tolerance in angina patients. The drug decreases BP in hypertensive individuals; both systolic and diastolic BP is reduced.
Antimigraine action: Atenolol is useful in migraine due to its beta blockade action. Through beta blockade action it inhibits vasodilation and relieves migraine.
Pharmacokinets of Atenolol
Absorption: Absorbed orally up to 60%, Distribution: Widely distributed but no CSF penetration Metabolism: A small portion is metabolized in liver. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine. Remaining portion is excreted through faeces.
Onset of Action for Atenolol
1hour
Duration of Action for Atenolol
Below 1day
Half Life of Atenolol
6 - 7 hours
Side Effects of Atenolol
1.Heart failure
2.Gastrointestinal problems
3.Nausea
4.Tiredness
5.Sinus bradycardia
6.Depression
7.Rash
8.Dizziess
9.Fatigue
10.Vomiting
11.Diarrhoea
12.Bronchospasm
13.Fever
14.Leg pain
15.Changes in kidney function tests
16.Changes in liver function tests.
Contra-indications of Atenolol
1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Second or third degree heart block
3.Heart failure
4.Cardiogenic shock
5.Sinus bradycardia
Special Precautions while taking Atenolol
1.Congestive heart failure
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Renal impairment
4.The drug should be gradually withdraw with caution
5.Bronchospastic disorders
6.Diabetes mellitus
7.Hyper thyroidism
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Atenolol
1.Hypertension
2. Angina
3.Myocardial infarction
4.Migraine prophylaxis
Interactions for Atenolol
Alcohol, Anaesthetics, Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Hypnotics, Cimetidine, Diuretics: Enhanced hypotensive effect.
Analgesics: NSAIDs antagonise hypotensive effect.
Antibacterials (Rifampicin): Reduce plasma concentration of atenolol.
Antidiabetics: Enhanced hypoglycemic effect.
Antihypertensives: Enhanced hypotensive effect, with clonidine there is increased severity of rebound hypertension.
Calcium channel Blockers: increased risk of bradycardia and AV block with diltiazem, severe hypotension and heart failure with verapamil, nifedipine
Cardiac glycosides: Increased AV block and bradycardia.
Cholinergics: Effects antagonised by atenolol.
Corticosteroids: Antagonism of hypotensive effect.
Ergotamine: Increased peripheral vasoconstriction
Sympathomimetics: Severe hypertension with adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Lab. Tests: Interferes with Glucose or insulin tolerence tests.
Typical Dosage for Atenolol
Hypertension: Starts with 50mg single dose then gradually increases at weekly intervals to 100mg/day once daily based on patient`s response.
Children: 1 to 1.3 mg/kg/day once daily or as two divided doses
Angina: Starts with 50mg single dose orally, and then gradually increases to 100mg/day based on patient`s response at one week intervals
Maximum dose: 200mg/day
Myocardial infarction: 5mg I.V. over 5minuts twice daily at 10minuts intervals. Then after 10minuts starts oral therapy with 50mg dose. Then 50mg at 12th hour. And increases to 100mg/day once daily or in two divided doses up to 9days
Migraine prophylaxis: 50 - 150mg / day in divided doses
Schedule of Atenolol
H
Storage Requirements for Atenolol
Store at room temperature and protect from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight
Effects of Missed Dosage of Atenolol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Atenolol
Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. After ingestion empty the stomach by induced emesis or gastric lavage. Administer activated charcoal to reduce absorption

Nitrendipine

About Nitrendipine
A Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, Antihypertensive,antiangina.
Mechanism of Action of Nitrendipine
Nitrendipine is a vasoselective long acting dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker. It exerts antihypertensive, antianginal actions through blocking the influx of Ca2+ ions through voltage gated L-type Ca channels to the peripheral vascular smooth muscle cells, Coronary smooth muscle cells and to the myocardial cells. Thus causes dilatation of vascular endothelium, decrease peripheral resistance, & reduce myocardial oxygen demand .It produces smooth muscle relaxant action by the release of nitric oxide from endothelium and thus inhibits cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase enzyme and resulting in raised cyclic AMP in smooth muscle. Nitric oxide exerts anti atherosclerotic action.
Pharmacokinets of Nitrendipine
Absorption: Well absorbed orally, bioavailability is reduced due to first pass metabolism. Distribution: Widely distributed in a protein bound form, Metabolism: Metabolized in liver. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine and small amount is excreted through faeces
Onset of Action for Nitrendipine
Half to one hour
Duration of Action for Nitrendipine
4 to 48hours
Half Life of Nitrendipine
N/A
Side Effects of Nitrendipine
1.Flushing
2.Palpitation
3.Hypotension
4.Nausea
5.Edema
6.Headache
7.Dizziness
8.Fatigue
9.Paraesthesia
10.Gastrointestinal disturbances

Contra-indications of Nitrendipine
1.Acute myocardial infarction
2.Heart failure
3.Aortic stenosis
4.Hypotension
5.Cardiogenic shock
6.Hypersensitivity to the drug
7.Unstable angina

Special Precautions while taking Nitrendipine
1.Congestive heart failure
2.Cardiovascular insufficiency
3.Hypotension
4.Left ventricular outflow obstruction
5.Hepatic impairment
6.Slowly withdraw the drug with caution
7.Use cautiously along with other antihypertensive drugs
8.Diabetes mellitus
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution.
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution.
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated.
Children Related Information
Contraindicated
Indications for Nitrendipine
1.Hypertension
2.Angina pectoris
Interactions for Nitrendipine
Beta-blockers: Synergistic action, reverses depression of cardiac function.
Quinidine: Plasma levels of quinidine reduced.
Theophylline, phenytoin: Increases plasma levels of nitrendipine.
Typical Dosage for Nitrendipine
Starts with 5 to 20mg once daily. Increased to 20mg twice daily if required.
Schedule of Nitrendipine
H
Storage Requirements for Nitrendipine
Store at room temperature below 30 degree C. Protect from moisture and avoid freezing.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Nitrendipine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Nitrendipine
Monitor & support cardiac and respiratory functions. Measure the BP. Give cardiovascular support by elevating the limbs and maintaining fluid balance. Administer vasopressers like nor epinephrine and Calcium gluconate if required.

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