Ciprofloxacin Pharmacology

Ciprofloxacin

About Ciprofloxacin
It is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone with activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
EYE DROPS: It is a fluroquinolone antibacterial having broad spectrum of activity.
Mechanism of Action of Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriostatic at low concentration and bactericidal at high concentration. It act by inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase 2) and Topoisomerase 4.DNA gyrase helps in the formation of a highly condensed three dimensional structure of the DNA by its nicking and closing activity and also by introducing negative supercoil in to the DNA double helix. Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase which results in abnormal linkage between opened DNA and gyrase and negative supercoiling is also impaired. This will inhibits transcription of DNA in to RNA and subsequent protein synthesis.
Pharmacokinets of Ciprofloxacin
Absorption: They are adequately absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is distributed widely in the body. Metabolism: It undergoes hepatic metabolism. Excretion: Drug is excreted mainly through urine.

Onset of Action for Ciprofloxacin
Within 1hr.
Duration of Action for Ciprofloxacin
8-12 hours.
Half Life of Ciprofloxacin
3 - 5 hour
Side Effects of Ciprofloxacin
1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Diarrhoea
4.Abdominal discomfort
5.Restlessness
6.Dizziness
7.Drowsiness
8.Arthralgia
9.Rash
10.Confusion
11.Insomnia
12.Anorexia
13.Bad taste
14.Headache
15.Photosensitivity

Contra-indications of Ciprofloxacin
Hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin and other Fluoroquinolones
Special Precautions while taking Ciprofloxacin
1.Hepatic impairment
2.Renal impairment
3.Epilepsy
4.Dehydration
5.Caution while driving the vehicle or operating machine or involved in any hazardous activities.
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution.
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution.
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Contraindicated
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Ciprofloxacin
1.Urinary tract infection
2.Respiratory tract infection
3.Bone and joint infections,
4.Infectious diarrhoea
5.Gonorrhoea
6.ENT infections
7.Skin and soft tissue infections
8.Typhoid fever
9.Intra-abdominal infections
10.Prostatitis
11. Sinusitis
12.Chancroid
13.Gynaecological infections
14.Tularemia
Interactions for Ciprofloxacin
Antacids (aluminium/magnesium hydroxide), Iron salts, Zinc salts.: Absorption of ciprofloxacin is decreased.
Antineoplastic drugs: Decrease serum levels of ciprofloxacin.
Caffeine: Enhanced efficacy of caffeine.
Oral anti-coagulants: Enhanced efficacy of anti-coagulants.
Cyclosporine: Nephrotoxicity increased by ciprofloxacin.
Theophylline: Increased plasma levels of theophylline resulting in toxicity.
NSAIDs: CNS excitation may occur.
Rifampicin: Decreases serum concenteration of ciprofloxacin.
Chloramphenicol: Antagonises effects of ciprofloxacin.
Typical Dosage for Ciprofloxacin
Adults:
Dose is determined on the basis of severity of the infection, type of infecting organism, age, weight and renal function of the patient.
UTI: 0.5 - 1 g / day in 2 divided doses.
Respiratory tract infection, Bone and joint infections, Infectious diarrhoea, ENT infections, .Skin and soft tissue infections, Enteric fever: 1 - 1.5 g / day in 2 divided doses
Typhoid fever, Intra-abdominal infections, Gynaecological infection: 1 g / day in 2 divided doses
Uncomplicated gonorrhea: 250 mg / day
Schedule of Ciprofloxacin
H
Storage Requirements for Ciprofloxacin
Store at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ciprofloxacin
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.
Effects of Overdose of Ciprofloxacin
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Induce emesis or gastric lavage has to be done. Dialysis can be done if necessary.

Home Delivery for Ciprofloxacin in Your City

Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including ciprofloxacin.

However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for ciprofloxacin and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for ciprofloxacin may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take ciprofloxacin only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for ciprofloxacin before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for ciprofloxacin with the pharmacy.

Ciprofloxacin is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for ciprofloxacin might be better known than ciprofloxacin itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have ciprofloxacin in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for ciprofloxacin.