Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol Pharmacology

Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol

About Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
Diclofenac: Inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) & -2 (COX-2), thereby inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
Misoprostol: inhibits NSAID-induced ulcers
Pharmacokinets of Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Onset of Action for Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Duration of Action for Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Half Life of Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Side Effects of Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
1.Diarrhea
2.Dizziness
3.Gas or heartburn
4.Headache
5.Menstrual irregularity or cramps
6.Stomach pain or cramps
Contra-indications of Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Contraindicated
Indications for Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
Treatment of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in patients at high risk of developing NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers and their complications.
Interactions for Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Typical Dosage for Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
Osteoarthritis:50 mg/200 mcg (diclofenac/misoprostol; 1 tablet) PO TID
If patient intolerant to TID dosing, reduce to 1 tablet BID

Rheumatoid Arthritis:50 mg/200 mcg (diclo/miso; 1 tablet) PO TID-QID
If patient intolerant to TID dosing, reduce to 1 tablet BID
Schedule of Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Storage Requirements for Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
The tablets should be kept at room temperature, 15-30 C.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Diclofenac Sodium + Misoprostol
N/A

Diclofenac Sodium

About Diclofenac Sodium
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Diclofenac Sodium
Diclofenac possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic action. It inhibits the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase and there by inhibits the synthesis of Prostaglandins (PGs). It is more potent against cyclo-oxygenase-2 enzyme as compared to other NSAIDs like Indomethacin, Naproxen etc. It reduces intracellular concentrations of free arachidonic acid in leukocyte by altering its release or uptake. .
Pharmacokinets of Diclofenac Sodium
Absorption: Diclofenac sodium is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. It undergoes first pass metabolism and its bioavailability is 50 % only. Distribution: It is distributed in highly protein bound form. Metabolism: Diclofenac sodium is metabolised in the liver. Excretion: Drug and metabolites are primarily excreted in urine and some amount in the bile.
Onset of Action for Diclofenac Sodium
1- 4.5 hours
Duration of Action for Diclofenac Sodium
Hours
Half Life of Diclofenac Sodium
2 hours
Side Effects of Diclofenac Sodium
1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Anorexia
4.Diarrhoea
5.Gastrointestinal bleeding
6.Abdominal distress
7.Constipation
8.Flatulence
9.Ulceration of the stomach or intestine
10.Dyspepsia
11.Headache
12.Dizziness
13. Rash
Contra-indications of Diclofenac Sodium
1.Hypersensitivity to Indomethacin and other Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs(NSAID)
2.Peptic ulcer
3.Asthma
Special Precautions while taking Diclofenac Sodium
1.Hepatic impairment
2.Renal impairment
3.Hypertension
4.Blood clotting disorders
5.Gastrointestinal diseases
6.Proctitis
7.Asthma
8.Cautioned against driving, operating or activities requiring concentration
9.Avoid alcohol
10.Heart failure
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
CHILDREN below 14: contraindicated
Indications for Diclofenac Sodium
1.Ankylosing spondylitis
2.Acute gout
3.Joint disorders e.g. inflammatory disease in joints, crystal deposition in the joints
4.Osteoarthritis
5.For the relief of pain and inflammation in dental minor surgery and orthopedic
6.Dysmenorrhoea
7.Juvenile chronic arthritis
8.Migraine
Interactions for Diclofenac Sodium
Lithium & Digoxin : Blood levels of lithium and digoxin increased leading to enhanced efficacy and posible toxicity.
Diuretics : Inhibits diuretics but efficacy of potassium sparing diuretics enhanced.
Methotrexate : Toxicity enhanced.
Salicylates : Efficacy of salicylates reduced.
Cyclosporine : Increases nephrotoxicity of both agents.
Hydantoins : Increases serum levels resulting in toxicity.
Typical Dosage for Diclofenac Sodium
Adult: 100 - 150 mg / day in 2 - 3 divided doses.
For the relief of pain, Migraine, Dysmenorrhoea: 150 mg / day in 3 divided doses.
Osteoarthritis: 50 mg 2 - 3 times daily
Rheumatoid arthritis: 150 - 200 mg / day in 3 - 4 divided doses.
Ankylosing spondylitis: 25 mg 4 times daily give an extra dose of 25 mg at bed time if necessary.
Children Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: 0.5 - 2 mg / kg body weight / day in divided doses.
Maximum dose: 3 mg / kg body weight / day in divided doses
Schedule of Diclofenac Sodium
H
Storage Requirements for Diclofenac Sodium
Store Diclofenac sodium at room temperature in a tightly closed light resistant container.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Diclofenac Sodium
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Diclofenac Sodium
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal.

Misoprostol

About Misoprostol
A synthetic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analogue, Anti ulcer(antisecretory and protective),Abortifacient.
Mechanism of Action of Misoprostol
Misoprostol is a synthetic Prostaglandin E1 analog. It binds to the EP3 receptor on the basolateral membrane of the parietal cells and stimulates the inhibitory G protein (Gi) receptors. This will leads to decrease in intracellular cyclic AMP level and inhibits proton pump (H+K+ATPase) which exchange the extracellular K+ for intracellular H+ ion. By inhibiting the proton pump Misoprostol decreases gastric acid secretion. Misoprostol also binds to the EP3 receptor on the superficial epithelial cells of the lumen and stimulates the mucin and bicarbonate secretion and decreases nocturnal, basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion.
Pharmacokinets of Misoprostol
Absorption: Misoprostol is well absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is distributed in the body in protein bound form. Metabolism: Misoprostol is rapidly undergoes de-esterification and form active metabolite Misoprostol acid. Excretion: Metabolite is excreted mainly in the urine and small amount in the faeces.
Onset of Action for Misoprostol
30 minutes
Duration of Action for Misoprostol
3 hours
Half Life of Misoprostol
20 - 40 minutes
Side Effects of Misoprostol
1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Diarrhoea
4.Abdominal pain
5.Headache
6.Dizziness
7.Dyspepsia
8.Flatulence
9.Constipation
10.Menorrhagia
11.Rashes
12.Dysmenorrhoea
Contra-indications of Misoprostol
1.Hypersensitivity to Misoprostol and other Prostaglandins
Special Precautions while taking Misoprostol
1.Cardiovascular disease
2.Cerebrovascular disease
3.Renal impairment


Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Contraindicated
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Misoprostol
1.NSAID induced ulcer
2.Duodenal ulcer
3.Gastric ulcer
Interactions for Misoprostol
Analgesics: Increased risk of CNS toxicity with phenylbutazone.
Typical Dosage for Misoprostol
Adult: NSAID induced ulcer: 200mcg 4 times daily with meals and at bed time for atleast1 month and up to 2 month.
Duodenal ulcer, Gastric ulcer: 400 - 800 mcg/ day in 4 divided doses with meals and at bed time for 1 - 2 month.
Children: not recommended
Schedule of Misoprostol
N/A
Storage Requirements for Misoprostol
Store at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Misoprostol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Misoprostol
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

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