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- Pharmacology For Levocetirizine + Phenylephrine
Levocetirizine + Phenylephrine Pharmacology
Levocetirizine + Phenylephrine
About Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AMechanism of Action of Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/APharmacokinets of Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AOnset of Action for Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ADuration of Action for Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AHalf Life of Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ASide Effects of Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AContra-indications of Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Levocetirizine + Phenylephrine1.Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis
2.Decongestant
Interactions for Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ATypical Dosage for Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ASchedule of Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AStorage Requirements for Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/AEffects of Overdose of Levocetirizine + PhenylephrineN/ALevocetirizine
About LevocetirizineA third-generation non-sedative H1 antagonist, Antihistamine.Mechanism of Action of LevocetirizineThis active enantiomer of cetrizine is a potent, nonsedative and selective H1 receptor antagonist. It antagonizes the allergic symptoms produced by histamines like runny nose, cold, cough etc. It also inhibit eotaxin-induced eosinophil TEM through both dermal and lung micro vascular endothelial cells. So inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis and also inflammation caused by it.Pharmacokinets of LevocetirizineAbsorption- Well absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution-Widely distributed in the body.90% bound to the plasma proteins.
Metabolism- Metabolized in the liver to its metabolites.
Excretion- Excreted via urine and feces.
Onset of Action for LevocetirizineN/ADuration of Action for LevocetirizineN/AHalf Life of LevocetirizineIts plasma half life is 6-10hrsSide Effects of Levocetirizine1. Headache
2. Abdominal pain
3. Dry mouth
4. Fatigue
5. Pharyngitis
6. Sleepiness
7. Asthenia
8. Rhinitis causing a blocked or runny nose
9. Migraine
Contra-indications of Levocetirizine1. Allergy to drug or other medicines that contain piperazine derivatives
2. Hereditary galactose intolerance
3. Hereditary Lapp lactase deficiency
4. Inherited glucose-galactose malabsorption
5. Severely decreased kidney function
Special Precautions while taking Levocetirizine1. Decreased kidney function
2. Avoid alcohol or any work which require mental alertness like driving and machine operation during treatment.
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Levocetirizine1. Rhinitis (seasonal and perennial)
2. Idiopathic urticaria
Interactions for LevocetirizineCoadministration with alcohol or other CNS depressants may have additional CNS depressant effect. Typical Dosage for LevocetirizineOral-
Adult-5mg/day.
Children (>6yrs) - 5mg/day. Schedule of LevocetirizineN/AStorage Requirements for LevocetirizineStore in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and heat.
Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of LevocetirizineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of LevocetirizineGive symptomatic and supportive treatment.Phenylephrine
About PhenylephrineAn a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, Decongestant, Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic.Mechanism of Action of PhenylephrineThe drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It causes vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It exerts nasal decongestant action; by vasoconstrictory action on arterioles of nasal mucosa. It prolongs and localizes the action of anaesthetics due to it`s vasoconstrictory action on skin, mucous membrane, and viscera and thus slows the rate of absorption of local anaesthetics.Pharmacokinets of PhenylephrineAbsorption: Variable depending up on the route of administration. Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver and intestine.Onset of Action for PhenylephrineNasal: Rapid
Ophthalmic: Rapid
I.V.: Rapid
I.M.: Within 15 minutes
Duration of Action for PhenylephrineNasal: ? to 4 hours
Ophthalmic: 3 to 7 hours
I.V.: 15 to 20 minutes
I.M.: ? to 2 hours.
Half Life of PhenylephrineN/ASide Effects of Phenylephrine1.Bradycardia
2.Arrhythmias
3.Hypertension
4.Tachycardia
5.Palpitations
6.Premature ventricular contractions
7.Pallor
8.Headache
9.Dizziness
10.Nervousness
11.Brow ache(with ophthalmic form)
12.Burning or stinging in eye
13.Blurred vision
14.Elevated intraocular pressure
15.Nausea
16.Episodes of asthma
17.Tachyphylaxis
18.Anaphylaxis
Contra-indications of Phenylephrine1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hyperthyroidism
3.Ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension (Injected form)
4.Angle closure glaucoma and in those who wear soft contact lenses(ophthalmic form)
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine1.Coronary diseases
2.Advanced arteriosclerosis
3.Bradycardia
4.Partial heart block
5.Myocardial diseases
6.Atherosclerosis
7.Hypertension
8.Nasal and ophthalmic form use cautiously in type-1 diabetes mellitus
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
Below age 6:contraindicatedIndications for Phenylephrine1.Hypotension
2.Paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
3.Maintain blood pressure during spinal and inhalation anaesthesia
4.Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia
5.Shock
6.Mydriasis(without cycloplegia)
7.Nasal congestion.
8.Cataract
Interactions for PhenylephrineMay interact with systemically administered MAOIs.Typical Dosage for PhenylephrineI.M. or S.C.: 2 to 5mg. Then if required; give doses up to 10mg.
Slow I.V. injection: 0.1 to 0.5mg. Then if required; repeat after 15 minutes.
I.V. infusion: Starts with 0.18mg/minute. Then adjust the dosage up to 0.03 to 0.06mg/minute based on patient`s response.
Nasal congestion: Apply 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays of 0.25% to 1% solution instilled in each nostril.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia: 2 to 5mg added to anaesthetic solution.
Schedule of PhenylephrineN/AStorage Requirements for PhenylephrineStore at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.Effects of Missed Dosage of PhenylephrineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of PhenylephrineDiscontinue the drug and give supportive and symptomatic treatment. Closely monitor vital signs. Use atropine sulfate to block reflex Bradycardia. Treat excessive hypertension with phentolamine. Treat cardiac arrhythmia with propranolol. Treat excessive mydriatic effect with levodopa.
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