Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.) Pharmacology

Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)

About Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Mechanism of Action of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Pharmacokinets of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Onset of Action for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Duration of Action for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Half Life of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Side Effects of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
1.Prolonged use of decongestants may result in rebound congestion.
2.Tachycardia
3.Hypertension
4.Headache
5.Blurred vision
6.Flushed skin
7.Pupillary dilation with increased intra-ocular pressure
8.Drowsiness

Contra-indications of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
Narrow angle glaucoma.
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
1.Patients with heart disease, hypertension or difficulty in urination due to enlargement of the
prostate gland.
2.Prolonged use of decongestants is associated with rebound congestion.
3.The use should be discontinued If patient experiences pain, changes in vision, continued redness or irritation, or if the condition worsens, or persists for more than 72 hours.
4.It is advisable not to drive, operate machinery or perform other hazardous activities when on tretment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
1.Temporary relief of the minor eye symptoms of itching and redness caused by dust, smoke, sunglare, ragweed, pollen, grass, animal hair and dander.
2.Symptomatic relief to tearing, photophobia, redness, swelling, blepharospasm.
3.Controlling hyperemia of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva resulting from bacterial, allergic and vernal conjunctivitis.
Interactions for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Typical Dosage for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Schedule of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Storage Requirements for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Effects of Overdose of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline + Menthol + Camphor (Eye Pre.)
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Phenylephrine

About Phenylephrine
An a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, Decongestant, Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic.
Mechanism of Action of Phenylephrine
The drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It causes vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It exerts nasal decongestant action; by vasoconstrictory action on arterioles of nasal mucosa. It prolongs and localizes the action of anaesthetics due to it`s vasoconstrictory action on skin, mucous membrane, and viscera and thus slows the rate of absorption of local anaesthetics.
Pharmacokinets of Phenylephrine
Absorption: Variable depending up on the route of administration. Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver and intestine.
Onset of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: Rapid
Ophthalmic: Rapid
I.V.: Rapid
I.M.: Within 15 minutes
Duration of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: ? to 4 hours
Ophthalmic: 3 to 7 hours
I.V.: 15 to 20 minutes
I.M.: ? to 2 hours.


Half Life of Phenylephrine
N/A
Side Effects of Phenylephrine
1.Bradycardia
2.Arrhythmias
3.Hypertension
4.Tachycardia
5.Palpitations
6.Premature ventricular contractions
7.Pallor
8.Headache
9.Dizziness
10.Nervousness
11.Brow ache(with ophthalmic form)
12.Burning or stinging in eye
13.Blurred vision
14.Elevated intraocular pressure
15.Nausea
16.Episodes of asthma
17.Tachyphylaxis
18.Anaphylaxis


Contra-indications of Phenylephrine
1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hyperthyroidism
3.Ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension (Injected form)
4.Angle closure glaucoma and in those who wear soft contact lenses(ophthalmic form)
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine
1.Coronary diseases
2.Advanced arteriosclerosis
3.Bradycardia
4.Partial heart block
5.Myocardial diseases
6.Atherosclerosis
7.Hypertension
8.Nasal and ophthalmic form use cautiously in type-1 diabetes mellitus

Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Below age 6:contraindicated
Indications for Phenylephrine
1.Hypotension
2.Paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
3.Maintain blood pressure during spinal and inhalation anaesthesia
4.Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia
5.Shock
6.Mydriasis(without cycloplegia)
7.Nasal congestion.
8.Cataract

Interactions for Phenylephrine
May interact with systemically administered MAOIs.
Typical Dosage for Phenylephrine
I.M. or S.C.: 2 to 5mg. Then if required; give doses up to 10mg.
Slow I.V. injection: 0.1 to 0.5mg. Then if required; repeat after 15 minutes.
I.V. infusion: Starts with 0.18mg/minute. Then adjust the dosage up to 0.03 to 0.06mg/minute based on patient`s response.
Nasal congestion: Apply 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays of 0.25% to 1% solution instilled in each nostril.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia: 2 to 5mg added to anaesthetic solution.
Schedule of Phenylephrine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Phenylephrine
Store at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Phenylephrine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Phenylephrine
Discontinue the drug and give supportive and symptomatic treatment. Closely monitor vital signs. Use atropine sulfate to block reflex Bradycardia. Treat excessive hypertension with phentolamine. Treat cardiac arrhythmia with propranolol. Treat excessive mydriatic effect with levodopa.

Naphazoline

About Naphazoline
Imidazoline derivative,Alpha-adrenergic agonist, A decongestant,vasoconstrictor.
Mechanism of Action of Naphazoline
Naphazoline exerts its vasoconstrictor action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. Thus it reduces blood flow, and causes shrinkage of mucosa which provides relief of nasal congestion.
Pharmacokinets of Naphazoline
Absorption:It is well absorbed intranasally
Onset of Action for Naphazoline
10minutes
Duration of Action for Naphazoline
2 - 6 hours
Half Life of Naphazoline
N/A
Side Effects of Naphazoline
1.Rebound nasal congestion
2.Sneezing
3.Stinging
4.Dryness of mucosa
Contra-indications of Naphazoline
Hypersensitivity to Naphazoline
Special Precautions while taking Naphazoline
1.Prolonged use
2.Untreated nasal infection
3.Hyperthyroidism
4.Cardiac diseases
5.Hypertension
6.Diabetic mellitus
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Naphazoline
Nasal congestion
Interactions for Naphazoline
N/A
Typical Dosage for Naphazoline
Adult:
Instil 1 -2 drops of or sprays into the nostrils whenever necessary. Dose can be repeated every 3 - 6 hours if needed up to 5 days.
Children:
Above 12years: same as adult dose
6 - 12 years: 1- 2 drops or sprays into the nostrils as needed
Schedule of Naphazoline
N/A
Storage Requirements for Naphazoline
Store at room temperature in a tightly closed container. Keep away from children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Naphazoline
Instil the missed dose of nasal drop in to the nostrils as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Naphazoline
Provide supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Menthol

About Menthol
Terpenes and terpenoid, Antipruritic, decongestant, topical analgesic.
Mechanism of Action of Menthol
Menthol acts as a local anesthetic on the respiratory passageways and causing cough suppression. When Menthol is rubbed on the skin, it acts as a rubefacient and causes localized vasodilatation; which gives feelings of comfort and warmth. When applied gently on the skin, it acts as an anti-pruritic agent and creates a feeling of coolness, and mild local anaesthetic effect relieves itching. It has good soothing effect and acts as a demulcent. It also acts as a carminative.
Pharmacokinets of Menthol
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Onset of Action for Menthol
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Duration of Action for Menthol
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Half Life of Menthol
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Side Effects of Menthol
1.Irritation
2.Anxiety
3.Excitement
4.Delirium
5.Colic
6.Nausea
7.Vomiting
8.Diarrhoea
9.Convulsions
10.Apnoea
11.Asystole
12.Contact dermatitis
13.Allergic reactions
Contra-indications of Menthol
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Should not applies to broken, injured, or burned skin
Special Precautions while taking Menthol
1.Should not apply Menthol directly in to or near the nostrils of small children or asthma patients
2.Prolonged use
3.Seizures
4.Should not take steam inhalation orally
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
below 2 years: Contraindicated
Indications for Menthol
1. Rubefacient.
2.Ingredient in cough preparations
3.Antipruritic
4. Ingredient in ointment or liniment to treat sprains; joint and muscle pain
5.Sore throat
6.Cold sores
7.Hay fever
8.As an inhalant to relieve nasal, bronchial, or upper respiratory congestion
9.Sinusitis
10.Bronchial cough
11.Pharyngeal inflammation
Interactions for Menthol
N/A
Typical Dosage for Menthol
Dosage individualized based on requirements of the patient.
Lozenges: Dissolve lozenge (5%-10% menthol) slowly in the mouth hourly as needed by the patients.
Topical: Rubbed on the throat and chest in a layer loosely covered with a warm dry cloth; up to thrice daily.
In vaporizer: Menthol (3.2%) in a hot steam vaporizer can be used by adding 1 tbsp of solution for each quart of cold water, or 1tsp of solution for each pint, up to thrice daily
Schedule of Menthol
N/A
Storage Requirements for Menthol
Store at a cool dry place in a well closed container. Protect from light and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Menthol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Menthol
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

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