Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals Pharmacology

Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

About Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Mechanism of Action of Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Pharmacokinets of Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Onset of Action for Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Duration of Action for Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Half Life of Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Side Effects of Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Contra-indications of Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Special Precautions while taking Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

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Indications for Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

Antioxidant

Interactions for Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Typical Dosage for Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

1 capsule / day

Schedule of Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Storage Requirements for Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Effects of Overdose of Beta Carotene + Vitamin C + Vitamin E + Co Enzyme Q10 + Minerals

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Beta Carotene

About Beta Carotene

A natural precursor to Vitamin A.

Mechanism of Action of Beta Carotene

Beta-carotene acts as the precursor of Vitamin A and in the body it is converted in to Vitamin A. Vitamin A is required for a variety of physiological functions in the body such as: - 1).Proper functioning of retina and formation of pigment Rhodopsin during dark adaptation. 2).promotes differentiation and maintains structural integrity of epithelia over the body and also retard the malignancies of epithelial structures.3).Promotes mucous secretion. 4).Inhibits keratinization, 5). Maintains proper bone growth, 6).Maintenance of spermatogenesis, 7).Supports foetal development, 8).Improves resistance to infection. It is required for proper antibody response, normal lymphocyte proliferation and killer cell function.

Pharmacokinets of Beta Carotene

Absorption: Completely absorbed normally. Steatorrhoea, bile deficiency, and protein poor diet adversely affects the absorption and absorption requires bile salts, pancreatic lipase, and dietary fat.
Distribution: Stored primarily as palmitate in kupffer`s cells in liver. Circulates in the form of specific alpha-1 protein; retinol binding protein and transported to cellular retinol binding protein of target cells.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile and a small amount is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Beta Carotene

N/A

Duration of Action for Beta Carotene

N/A

Half Life of Beta Carotene

N/A

Side Effects of Beta Carotene

Adverse effects occurs only with higher doses and toxicity
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Itching
4. Dermatitis
5. Exfoliation
6. Alopecia
7. Bone and joint pain
8. Anorexia
9. Irritability
10. Increased intracranial pressure
11. Hepatic impairment
12. Anaphylactic shock

Contra-indications of Beta Carotene

1. Hypervitaminosis A
2. Hypersensitivity to Beta Carotene

Special Precautions while taking Beta Carotene

1. Oral form should not use in patients with malabsorption syndrome.
2. In inadequate bile secretion oral route may be used with concurrent administration of bile salts.
3. I. V. route is contraindicated except for special water miscible forms intended for infusion with large parenteral volumes and should not use I. V. push of vitamin A of any type.

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Beta Carotene

1. Vitamin A deficiency
2. Xerophthalmia
3. Acne
4. Ichthyosis
5. Bitot`s spots
6. Night blindness

Interactions for Beta Carotene

Cholestyramine: Absorption of Vitamin A is reduced due to reduced availability of fat stabilizing bile salts.
Mineral oil: Interferes with intestinal absorption of Vitamin A.
Oral Contraceptives: Plasma Vitamin A levels are significantly increased.

Typical Dosage for Beta Carotene

Severe vitamin A deficiency with xerophthalmia: 500000 IU daily for 3 days followed by 50000 IU daily for 14 days. Then maintenance dosage of 10000 to 20000 IU for 2months followed by adequate dietary nutrition and RDA vitamin A supplements.
Severe vitamin A deficiency: 100000 IU daily for 3 days followed by 50000 IU daily for 14 days. Then maintenance dosage of 10000 to 20000 IU for 2months followed by adequate dietary nutrition and RDA vitamin A supplements.
Children: 5000 to 10000 IU daily for 14 days.

Schedule of Beta Carotene

C1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)

Storage Requirements for Beta Carotene

Store in a well closed, airtight container in a cool dry place.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Beta Carotene

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Beta Carotene

Discontinue the vitamin A if hypercalcaemia persists and administer I.V. saline, prednisolone, and calcitonin if required. Monitor hepatic function tests to detect liver damage.

Vitamin C

About Vitamin C

Water soluble vitamin, antioxidant.

Mechanism of Action of Vitamin C

Vitamin C exerts it`s action by influencing the biologic oxidations and reductions used in cellular respirations. It directly stimulates collagen synthesis and maintains intracellular connective tissue. It involves in various metabolic reactions such as 1).Hydroxylation of praline and lysine residues of protocollagen which is essential for formation and stabilization of collagen triple helix, 2).hydroxylation of carnitine, 3).Conversion of folic acid to folinic acid, 4).biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, catecholamines, oxytocin, and ADH, 5).Metabolism of cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins. Vitamin C is important in resistance to infections.

Pharmacokinets of Vitamin C

Absorption: Well absorbed orally.
Distribution: Widely distributed both extracellularly and intracellularly, It crosses the placenta and also distributed in to the breast milk.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver; partly oxidized in to active dehydroascorbic acid and inactive metabolites.
Excretion: Inactive metabolites and extra drug is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Vitamin C

N/A

Duration of Action for Vitamin C

N/A

Half Life of Vitamin C

N/A

Side Effects of Vitamin C

1. Discomfort at injection site
2. Acid urine
3. Renal calculi
4. Oxaluria

Contra-indications of Vitamin C

No known contraindications

Special Precautions while taking Vitamin C

1. Renal impairment
2. Ingestion of large doses during pregnancy has resulted in scurvy in neonates

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

May be used

Indications for Vitamin C

1. Scurvy
2. Prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin C deficiency
3. As an antioxidant to maintain natural colour and flavour of food items
4. For acidification of urine
5. Capillary fragility
6. Dental caries

Interactions for Vitamin C

Oral contraceptives and estrogens: Vitamin C increases serum levels of oestrogen resulting in adverse reactions .
Warfarin: The anticoagulant effects of warfarin is reduced.
Lab Tests: Large doses (>500 mg) of vitamin C may cause false negative urine glucose determinations. May result in false negative amine dependent stool occult blood tests.

Typical Dosage for Vitamin C

Oral:
Adults: 50 to 1000mg/day depending up on the requirement.
Pregnancy and lactation: 100 to 150mg/day
Children: 30 to 100mg/day.
Scurvy:
Oral:
Adults: 1000mg twice daily to thrice daily.
Children: 300mg to 1000mg daily.
Sub clinical scurvy:
Oral, S.C., I.M., or I.V.: 100 to 250mg once daily or twice daily depending up on the severity of the condition. Then give a maintenance dosage of 50mg/day.
Children: 100 to 300mg depending up on the severity. Then give a maintenance dose of 35mg/day.

Schedule of Vitamin C

C1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)

Storage Requirements for Vitamin C

Store in a cool dry area in a well closed container. Protects from moisture, light and direct heat.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin C

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vitamin C

Discontinue the therapy and provide symptomatic and supportive measures.

Vitamin E

About Vitamin E

N/A

Mechanism of Action of Vitamin E

Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protecting unsaturated lipids in the cell membrane, coenzyme Q, vitamin A, vitamin C etc. from free radical oxidation damage and generation of toxic peroxidation products. It also decreases platelet aggregation.

Pharmacokinets of Vitamin E

Absorption: Absorbed through lymph with the help of bile. Only 20 to 60% of vitamin from dietary sources is absorbed. As dose increases the fraction absorbed decreases.
Distribution: Widely distributed in a protein bound form and stored in adipose tissue.
Metabolism: Metabolized in liver by glucuronide conjugation.
Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile and also excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Vitamin E

N/A

Duration of Action for Vitamin E

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Half Life of Vitamin E

N/A

Side Effects of Vitamin E

1. Fatigue
2. Weakness
3. Headache
4. Nausea
5. Diarrhoea
6. Blurred vision
7. Flatulence

Contra-indications of Vitamin E

1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Should not administer intravenously

Special Precautions while taking Vitamin E

1. Hepatic impairment
2. Gall bladder disease
3. Along with estrogens

Pregnancy Related Information

May be used

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

May be used

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Vitamin E

1. Vitamin E deficiency
2. Intermittent claudication
3. Nocturnal muscle cramps
4. Coronary artery disease
5. Fibrocystic breast disease
6. Cystic fibrosis
7. In premature infants exposed to high concentration of oxygen
8. As antioxidant

Interactions for Vitamin E

Oral anticoagulants : Hypoprothrombinemic effect may be increased with possibility of bleeding.

Typical Dosage for Vitamin E

Oral:
Vitamin E deficiency:
Adults: 40 to 50mg/day or 60 to 75i.u. daily based on the severity of deficiency.
Children: 1 unit/kg/day.
Premature neonates: 5units daily.
Full term neonates: 5 units per liter of formula.
Intermittent claudication: 400mg/day for 12 to 18 weeks.
Nocturnal muscle cramps: 400mg/day for 8 to 12 weeks.
Coronary artery disease: 100 to 200mg/day for at least 2 years.
Fibrocystic breast disease: 600mg/day for at least 2years.
Cystic fibrosis: 100 to 200mg/day.
Children above 1 year: 100mg/day.
Children below 1year: 50mg/day.

Schedule of Vitamin E

Storage Requirements for Vitamin E

Store in a well closed container in a cool dry place. Protect from light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin E

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vitamin E

Provide supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Co Enzyme Q10

About Co Enzyme Q10

1,4-benzoquinone derivative, oil-soluble vitamin-like substance, Enzyme cofactors, powerful antioxidant

Mechanism of Action of Co Enzyme Q10

Coenzyme Q10 is vital for the proper transfer of electrons within the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain there it passes reducing equivalents to acceptors such as Coenzyme Q: cytochrome c - oxidoreductase:
CoQH2+ 2 FeIII-cytochrome c ? CoQ + 2 FeII-cytochrome c. main function of this transport is adenosine triphosphate production. Coenzyme Q10 also increases adenosine triphosphate levels by preventing the loss of the adenine nucleotide pool from cardiac cells. Coenzyme Q10 has activity as an antioxidant scavenger and an indirect stabilizer of calcium channels to decrease calcium overload. It also inhibits the oxidation of LDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol oxidation is believed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Pharmacokinets of Co Enzyme Q10

Absorption- Poorly absorbed after oral administration. Excretion- Excreted through bile and feces

Onset of Action for Co Enzyme Q10

N/A

Duration of Action for Co Enzyme Q10

N/A

Half Life of Co Enzyme Q10

N/A

Side Effects of Co Enzyme Q10

1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Stomach upset
4. Heartburn
5. Diarrhea
6. Loss of appetite
7. Skin itching
8. Rash
9. Insomnia
10. Headache
11. Dizziness
12. Irritability
13. Increased light sensitivity of the eyes
14. Fatigue
15. Flu-like symptoms

Contra-indications of Co Enzyme Q10

N/A

Special Precautions while taking Co Enzyme Q10

N/A

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Co Enzyme Q10

1. Dietary supplement
2. Antioxidant
3. Migraine headaches
4. Parkinson`s Disease
5. Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies
6. Migraine
7. CHF
8. Hypertension
9. Diabetes
10. Cancer

Interactions for Co Enzyme Q10

N/A

Typical Dosage for Co Enzyme Q10

Adult-
Oral-
Mitochondrial cytopathies: 150 mg per day or 2 mg per kg per day with titration up to 3,000 mg per day in some patients
Parkinson`s disease: 300 to 1,200 mg per day in four divided doses
Cardiovascular problems: 50 to 200 mg per day
Migraine 100 to 200 mg per day

Schedule of Co Enzyme Q10

N/A

Storage Requirements for Co Enzyme Q10

Keep tightly closed in a dry place. Do not expose to excessive heat.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Co Enzyme Q10

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Do not double the dose.Continue the regular schedule.

Effects of Overdose of Co Enzyme Q10

Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Minerals

About Minerals

Dietary mineral supplement, Nutritional supplement.

Mechanism of Action of Minerals

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Pharmacokinets of Minerals

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Onset of Action for Minerals

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Duration of Action for Minerals

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Half Life of Minerals

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Side Effects of Minerals

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Contra-indications of Minerals

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Special Precautions while taking Minerals

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Pregnancy Related Information

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Old Age Related Information

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Breast Feeding Related Information

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Children Related Information

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Indications for Minerals

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Interactions for Minerals

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Typical Dosage for Minerals

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Schedule of Minerals

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Storage Requirements for Minerals

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Effects of Missed Dosage of Minerals

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Effects of Overdose of Minerals

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