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- Pharmacology For Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + Calcium
Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + Calcium Pharmacology
Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + Calcium
About Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/AMechanism of Action of Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/APharmacokinets of Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/AOnset of Action for Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/ADuration of Action for Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/AHalf Life of Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/ASide Effects of Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/AContra-indications of Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/APregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + Calcium1.Antioxidant
2.Vitamin deficiency
3.Mineral deficiency
4.Calcium deficiency
Interactions for Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/ATypical Dosage for Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumOne capsule / daySchedule of Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/AStorage Requirements for Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/AEffects of Overdose of Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + CalciumN/ABeta Carotene
About Beta CaroteneA natural precursor to Vitamin A.Mechanism of Action of Beta CaroteneBeta-carotene acts as the precursor of Vitamin A and in the body it is converted in to Vitamin A. Vitamin A is required for a variety of physiological functions in the body such as: - 1).Proper functioning of retina and formation of pigment Rhodopsin during dark adaptation. 2).promotes differentiation and maintains structural integrity of epithelia over the body and also retard the malignancies of epithelial structures.3).Promotes mucous secretion. 4).Inhibits keratinization, 5). Maintains proper bone growth, 6).Maintenance of spermatogenesis, 7).Supports foetal development, 8).Improves resistance to infection. It is required for proper antibody response, normal lymphocyte proliferation and killer cell function.Pharmacokinets of Beta CaroteneAbsorption: Completely absorbed normally. Steatorrhoea, bile deficiency, and protein poor diet adversely affects the absorption and absorption requires bile salts, pancreatic lipase, and dietary fat.
Distribution: Stored primarily as palmitate in kupffer`s cells in liver. Circulates in the form of specific alpha-1 protein; retinol binding protein and transported to cellular retinol binding protein of target cells.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile and a small amount is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Beta CaroteneN/ADuration of Action for Beta CaroteneN/AHalf Life of Beta CaroteneN/ASide Effects of Beta CaroteneAdverse effects occurs only with higher doses and toxicity
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Itching
4. Dermatitis
5. Exfoliation
6. Alopecia
7. Bone and joint pain
8. Anorexia
9. Irritability
10. Increased intracranial pressure
11. Hepatic impairment
12. Anaphylactic shock
Contra-indications of Beta Carotene1. Hypervitaminosis A
2. Hypersensitivity to Beta Carotene
Special Precautions while taking Beta Carotene1. Oral form should not use in patients with malabsorption syndrome.
2. In inadequate bile secretion oral route may be used with concurrent administration of bile salts.
3. I. V. route is contraindicated except for special water miscible forms intended for infusion with large parenteral volumes and should not use I. V. push of vitamin A of any type.
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Beta Carotene1. Vitamin A deficiency
2. Xerophthalmia
3. Acne
4. Ichthyosis
5. Bitot`s spots
6. Night blindness
Interactions for Beta CaroteneCholestyramine: Absorption of Vitamin A is reduced due to reduced availability of fat stabilizing bile salts.
Mineral oil: Interferes with intestinal absorption of Vitamin A.
Oral Contraceptives: Plasma Vitamin A levels are significantly increased.Typical Dosage for Beta CaroteneSevere vitamin A deficiency with xerophthalmia: 500000 IU daily for 3 days followed by 50000 IU daily for 14 days. Then maintenance dosage of 10000 to 20000 IU for 2months followed by adequate dietary nutrition and RDA vitamin A supplements.
Severe vitamin A deficiency: 100000 IU daily for 3 days followed by 50000 IU daily for 14 days. Then maintenance dosage of 10000 to 20000 IU for 2months followed by adequate dietary nutrition and RDA vitamin A supplements.
Children: 5000 to 10000 IU daily for 14 days.
Schedule of Beta CaroteneC1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)
Storage Requirements for Beta CaroteneStore in a well closed, airtight container in a cool dry place.Effects of Missed Dosage of Beta CaroteneTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of Beta CaroteneDiscontinue the vitamin A if hypercalcaemia persists and administer I.V. saline, prednisolone, and calcitonin if required. Monitor hepatic function tests to detect liver damage. Minerals
About MineralsDietary mineral supplement, Nutritional supplement.Mechanism of Action of MineralsN/APharmacokinets of MineralsN/AOnset of Action for MineralsN/ADuration of Action for MineralsN/AHalf Life of MineralsN/ASide Effects of MineralsN/AContra-indications of MineralsN/ASpecial Precautions while taking MineralsN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for MineralsN/AInteractions for MineralsN/ATypical Dosage for MineralsN/ASchedule of MineralsN/AStorage Requirements for MineralsN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of MineralsN/AEffects of Overdose of MineralsN/AMultivitamins
About MultivitaminsDietary supplement, Vitamins.Mechanism of Action of MultivitaminsN/APharmacokinets of MultivitaminsN/AOnset of Action for MultivitaminsN/ADuration of Action for MultivitaminsN/AHalf Life of MultivitaminsN/ASide Effects of MultivitaminsN/AContra-indications of MultivitaminsN/ASpecial Precautions while taking MultivitaminsN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for MultivitaminsN/AInteractions for MultivitaminsN/ATypical Dosage for MultivitaminsN/ASchedule of MultivitaminsN/AStorage Requirements for MultivitaminsN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of MultivitaminsN/AEffects of Overdose of MultivitaminsN/ACalcium
About CalciumCalcium is necessary for cardiac function, muscle contraction, nervous activity, coagulation of blood and for maintaining structural integrity of cell membranes.
Plasma concentration of calcium is kept in normal range by three endocrine factors which control metabolism of calcium. These are (a) Parathyroid hormone, (b) Calcitonin, (c) Vitamin D. Calcium in plasma is bound to albumin, is complexed with anions (e.g. phosphate) and as diffusible ionic calcium. The physiological effects are exerted by ionic calcium. The predominant source of calcium is dairy products and the daily intake varies from 200 - 2500 mg. Adequate calcium intake is particularly important during periods of bone growth in childhood and adolescence and during pregnancy and lactation.
Patients with advanced renal insufficiency exhibit phosphate retention and some degree of hyperphosphataemia. The retention of phosphate plays a pivotal role in causing secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with osteodystrophy and soft tissue calcification. Calcium acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate which is excreted in the faeces.
Deficiency signs and symptoms: Osteoporosis, pathological fractures, brittle nails and hair.Mechanism of Action of CalciumCalcium is essential for maintaining the functional integrity of nervous, muscular, and skeletal system. It controls excitability of nerves and muscles and regulates permeability of cell membrane. It also regulates cell adhesion and maintains integrity of cell membrane. Calcium acts as intracellular messenger for hormones, autacoids, and transmitters. It is required for excitation-contraction coupling in all types of muscle and excitation-secretion coupling in exocrine and endocrine glands. It is essential for release of transmitters from nerve endings and other release reactions. It is also essential for impulse generation in heart and determines level of automaticity and
A-V conduction. Calcium is also required for blood-coagulation.
Pharmacokinets of CalciumAbsorption: Actively absorbed from gastrointestinal tract in an ionized form; and vitamin D in it`s active form is required for calcium absorption, Distribution: Distributed mainly in to skeletal tissue (99%) and 1% is distributed equally between the intracellular and extra cellular fluid. CSF levels are about half of the serum calcium levels, Metabolism: Not significantly metabolized in the body, Excretion: Excreted mainly through faeces and a small amount is excreted through urine.Onset of Action for CalciumN/ADuration of Action for CalciumN/AHalf Life of CalciumN/ASide Effects of Calcium1.Constipation
2.Bloating
3.Excess gas
4.Anorexia
5.Nausea
6.Vomiting
7.Abdominal pain
8.Thirst
9.Hypercalcaemia
10.Polyuria
11.Dry mouth
12.Delirium
13.Confusion
Contra-indications of Calcium1.Renal calculi
2.Hypophosphataemia
3.Hypercalcaemia
4.Ventricular fibrillation.
Special Precautions while taking Calcium1.Renal impairment
2.Cardiac diseases
3.Sarcoidosis
4.Cor pulmonale
5.Respiratory acidosis
6.Respiratory failure
7.End stage renal failure
8.Hypoparathyroid patients
9.Digitalized patients
10.Prolonged use of therapeutic amounts.
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationMay be usedChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Calcium1.Hypocalcaemia
2.Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
3.Calcium deficiency during pregnancy and lactation
4.Rickets
5.Prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
6.Chronic renal failure.
Interactions for CalciumN/ATypical Dosage for CalciumOral: 500mg to 2g daily in two to four divided doses.
Hypocalcaemia:
Adults: 1g daily. Increases to 2g daily if required.
Prevention of osteoporosis: 1 to 1.5g daily.
Children: 45 to 65mg/kg daily.
Neonates: 50 to 150mg/kg and should not exceed 1g.
Schedule of CalciumN/AStorage Requirements for CalciumStore in a well closed container in a cool and dry place. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of CalciumTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of CalciumRemove calcium from stomach by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.Home Delivery for Beta Carotene + Minerals + Multivitamins + Calcium in Your City
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